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Мартынова Ольга Владимировна

Факультет биологии и биотехнологии

Профиль на hse.ru ↗ тел.: 22370
Публикаций
53
Языков
1
Наград
9
Конференций
2
Профиль Публикации (53) Курсы (5)

Профессиональные интересы

нейробиологиякогнитивное сознаниевнутренняя речь

Должности

  • Доцент — Факультет биологии и биотехнологии, Базовая кафедра Института биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова РАН
  • Ведущий научный сотрудник — Институт когнитивных нейронаук, Центр нейроэкономики и когнитивных исследований
  • Академический руководитель образовательной программы — Когнитивная нейробиология

Био

  • · Начала работать в НИУ ВШЭ в 2013 году.
  • · Научно-педагогический стаж: 29 лет.

Образование

  • 2003 · Кандидат наук: Университет Турку
  • 2003 · PhD: Университет Турку, специальность 19.00.02 «Психофизиология»
  • 1995 · Специалитет: Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, специальность «Физиология», квалификация «Биолог-физиолог»
  • — · Специалитет: Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, факультет: Биолого-почвенный факультет, специальность «физиология»
  • 2003 · Аспирантура: University of Turku, факультет: Social Sciences, специальность «психология»

Награды и поощрения

  • · Благодарность проректора НИУ ВШЭ (ноябрь 2025)
  • · Благодарность проректора НИУ ВШЭ (ноябрь 2024)
  • · Благодарность проректора НИУ ВШЭ (декабрь 2023)
  • · Благодарственное письмо проректора НИУ ВШЭ (август 2021)
  • · Надбавка за публикацию в журнале из Списка А (и приравненном к нему научном издании) (2025–2026, 2024–2025, 2023–2024)
  • · Надбавка за публикацию в международном рецензируемом научном издании (2018–2019)
  • · Лучший академический руководитель в номинации «Прием иностранных студентов» — 2024–2025
  • · Лучший академический руководитель в номинации «Удовлетворенность студентов качеством образовательной программы» — 2023–2025
  • · Лучший академический руководитель в номинации «Цифровые навыки студентов» — 2024

Гранты и проекты

  • — · Грант РГНФ 14-06-00747 "Комплексное исследование постинсультной депрессии"

Конференции (2)

Показать все
  • · 2016: V СЪЕЗД ФИЗИОЛОГОВ СНГ (Сочи). Доклад: КОГНИТИВНЫЕ СЕТИ МОЗГА ЧЕЛОВЕКА В СОСТОЯНИИ ПОКОЯ И ПРИ ВНЕШНЕЙ СТИМУЛЯЦИИ
  • · 2014: 9th FENS Forum of Neuroscience (Милан). Доклад: Speech sounds representation in the auditory cortex of post-stroke patients with sensory aphasia

Идентификаторы исследователя

Публикации (53)

Neurogenetics of Brain Connectivity: Current Approaches to the Study (Review)

2024 · ARTICLE · ru

За последние десятилетия благодаря развитию техник нейровизуализации был выделен ряд функциональных сетей мозга, связанных как с конкретными функциями, так и с состоянием относительного бездействия. Накоплено достаточно информации об изменениях в коннективности (связях между областями мозга) при психопатологиях, например: депрессии, шизофрении, аутизме. Кроме того, ведутся активные исследования их генетических маркеров с применением подхода поиска генов-кандидатов, а также полногеномного поиска ассоциаций. Однако, данных, рассматривающих коннективность как промежуточное звено в цепочке генотип-патология, не так много, в то время как она представляется надежным эндофенотипом, так как демонстрирует высокую стабильность и высокую наследуемость. Целью настоящей работы является обзор исследований, посвященных поиску биомаркеров, молекулярно-генетических ассоциаций функциональной, а также частично анатомической и эффективной коннективности. Описаны основные подходы к оценке нейрогенетики коннективности, а также конкретные генетические варианты, для которых была обнаружена связь с коннективностью мозга при психических патологиях.

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Electrophysiological signatures of spelling sensitivity development from primary school age to adulthood

2024 · ARTICLE · en

Recognizing spelling errors is important for correct writing and reading, and develops over an extended period. The neural bases of the development of orthographic sensitivity remain poorly understood. We investigated event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with spelling error recognition when performing the orthographic decision task with correctly spelled and misspelled words in children aged 8–10 years old, early adolescents aged 11–14 years old, and adults. Spelling processing in adults included an early stage associated with the initial recognition of confict between orthography and phonology (refected in the N400 time window) and a later stage (refected in the P600 time window) related to re-checking the spelling. In children 8–10 years old, there were no diferences in ERPs to correct and misspelled words; in addition, their behavioral scores were worse than those of early adolescents, implying that the ability to quickly recognize the correct spelling is just beginning to develop at this age. In early adolescents, spelling recognition was refected only at the later stage, corresponding to the P600 component. At the behavioral level, they were worse than adults at recognizing misspelled words. Our data suggest that orthographic sensitivity can develop beyond 14 years.

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Heart rate response to cognitive load as a marker of depression and increased anxiety

2024 · ARTICLE · en

Introduction: Understanding the interplay between cardiovascular parameters, cognitive stress induced by increasing load, and mental well-being is vital for the development of integrated health strategies today. By monitoring physiological signals like electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) in real time, researchers can discover how cognitive tasks influence both cardiovascular and mental health. Cardiac biomarkers resulting from cognitive strain act as indicators of autonomic nervous system function, potentially reflecting conditions related to heart and mental health, including depression and anxiety. The purpose of this study is to investigate how cognitive load affects ECG and PPG measurements and whether these can signal early cardiovascular changes during depression and anxiety disorders.Methods: Ninety participants aged 18 to 45 years, ranging from symptom-free individuals to those with diverse psychological conditions, were assessed using psychological questionnaires and anamnesis. ECG and PPG monitoring were conducted as volunteers engaged in a cognitive 1-back task consisting of two separate blocks, each with six 1 progressively challenging levels. The participants' responses were analyzed to correlate physiological and psychological data with cognitive stressors and outcomes.Results: The study confirmed a notable interdependence between anxiety and depression, and cardiovascular responses. Task accuracy decreased with increased task difficulty. A strong relationship between PPG-measured heart rate and markers of depression and trait anxiety was observed. Increasing task difficulty corresponded to an increase in heart rate, linked with elevated levels of depression and trait anxiety. A strong relationship between ECG-measured heart rate and anxiety attacks was observed. Increasing task difficulty corresponded to an increase in heart rate, linked with elevated levels of anxiety attacks, although this association decreased under more challenging conditions. Discussion: The findings underscore the predictive importance of ECG and PPG heart rate parameters in mental health assessment, particularly depression and anxiety under cognitive stress induced by increasing load. We discuss mechanisms of sympathetic activation explaining these differences. Our research outcomes have implications for clinical assessments and wearable device algorithms for more precise, personalized mental health diagnostics.

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Pupillometry and autonomic nervous system responses to cognitive load and false feedback: an unsupervised machine learning approach

2024 · ARTICLE · en

Objectives: Pupil dilation is controlled both by sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system branches. We hypothesized that the dynamic of pupil size changes under cognitive load with additional false feedback can predict individual behavior along with heart rate variability (HRV) patterns and eye movements reflecting specific adaptability to cognitive stress. To test this, we employed an unsupervised machine learning approach to recognize groups of individuals distinguished by pupil dilation dynamics and then compared their autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses along with time, performance, and self-esteem indicators in cognitive tasks. Methods: Cohort of 70 participants were exposed to tasks with increasing cognitive load and deception, with measurements of pupillary dynamics, HRV, eye movements, and cognitive performance and behavioral data. Utilizing machine learning k-means clustering algorithm, pupillometry data were segmented to distinct responses to increasing cognitive load and deceit. Further analysis compared clusters, focusing on how physiological (HRV, eye movements) and cognitive metrics (time, mistakes, self-esteem) varied across two clusters of different pupillary response patterns, investigating the relationship between pupil dynamics and autonomic reactions. Results: Cluster analysis of pupillometry data identified two distinct groups with statistically significant varying physiological and behavioral responses. Cluster 0 showed elevated HRV, alongside larger initial pupil sizes. Cluster 1 participants presented lower HRV but demonstrated increased and pronounced oculomotor activity. Behavioral differences included reporting more errors and lower self-esteem in Cluster 0, and faster response times with more precise reactions to deception demonstrated by Cluster 1. Lifestyle variations such as smoking habits and differences in Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores were significant between the clusters. Conclusion: The differentiation in pupillary dynamics and related metrics between the clusters underlines the complex interplay between autonomic regulation, cognitive load, and behavioral responses to cognitive load and deceptive feedback. These findings underscore the potential of pupillometry combined with machine learning in identifying individual differences in stress resilience and cognitive performance. Our research on pupillary dynamics and ANS patterns can lead to the development of remote diagnostic tools for real-time cognitive stress monitoring and performance optimization, applicable in clinical, educational, and occupational settings.

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Salivary Antioxidant Capacity and Magnesium in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

2023 · ARTICLE · en

Abstract: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent disorder. The search for biomarkers may contribute to new knowledge about molecular pathogenesis and treatment. Since oxidative stress and micronutrient imbalance play a key role in the development of mental disorders, we aimed to study salivary antioxidant capacity and magnesium in patients with GAD in an anxiety model of solving problems with increasing complexity. The study subgroup consisted of 15 patients with GAD, and 17 healthy volunteers of the same age made up the control subgroup. Participants took a test with six levels of difficulty, which included false feedback. In this test, the participants were asked to remember the colors of balloons and react when the color changed. The reaction time, the number of correct answers, as well as biochemical parameters such as the antioxidant capacity of saliva and salivary magnesium, were assessed. There was no difference in the results of the quest between the subgroups; however, anxious participants spent more time at the moment of experimental frustration due to incorrect feedback and additional negative psycho-emotional load. Antioxidant capacity did not differ between the subgroups both before and after the experimental session. Average antioxidant capacity also did not change significantly at the endpoint of the experiment. However, the endpoint antioxidant capacity correlated negatively with the reaction time in anxious patients in the second block (where the false feedback as a frustrating factor appeared). Magnesium was initially significantly higher in the group of anxious participants and decreased at the experiment endpoint; in healthy patients, there were no changes in salivary magnesium at the endpoint. In conclusion, the compensatory potential of oxidative metabolism and magnesium in patients with GAD was spent with additional psycho-emotional stress, in contrast to healthy individuals, but it was sufficient to avoid exhaustion during experimental frustrating exposure. Keywords: salivary antioxidants; salivary magnesium; generalized anxiety disorder; problem-solving model of anxiety

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FEATURES OF OCULOMOTOR REACTIONS IN HIGHLY ANXIOUS VOLUNTEERS WITH DIFFERENT LEVEL OF IMPULSITY IN SOLVING DIFFERENT TYPES OF THE ANTI-SACCADE TASK

2023 · ARTICLE · en

Introduction. Impulsivity, manifested in the difficulty of suppressing certain actions, is often associated with increased anxiety. Depending on the level of impulsivity, individuals with higher anxiety react differently to tasks requiring inhibitory control. The anti-saccade task is one of the psychophysiological approaches to assessing visual attention and inhibitory control. This study aimed to test a hypothesis that individuals with high levels of impulsivity and anxiety would have different eye movement patterns in the anti-saccade task compared to highly anxious individuals with low levels of impulsivity. Methods. Twenty volunteers with low impulsivity and fourteen volunteers with higher impulsivity performed 3 blocks of anti-saccade tasks, differing in the effect of Step, Gap, and Overlap with fixation and target stimuli of negative, positive, and neutral emotional valence. All participants had increased trait and state anxiety. The eye-movement patterns were recorded using an eye-tracking method. Results. Significant differences were observed between groups in the regular error mean latency in the Overlap block and the regular error mean amplitude in the Gap block. The Overlap effect caused longer latencies of erroneous saccades while the Gap effect produced lower amplitudes of erroneous saccades in the group with increased trait impulsivity in the tasks where neutral stimuli were used either as fixation or target stimuli. Conclusion. Our findings imply that different designs of the anti-saccade task are able to reveal specific patterns of eye movements associated with attention switching and inhibitory control in impulsive behavior.

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Increased error rate and delayed response to negative emotional stimuli in antisaccade task in obsessive-compulsive disorder

2023 · ARTICLE · en

Ample evidence links impaired inhibitory control, attentional distortions, emotional dysregulation, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, it remains unclear what underlies the deficit that triggers the OCD cycle. The present study used an antisaccade paradigm with emotional valences to compare eye movement patterns reflecting inhibitory control and attention switching in OCD and healthy control groups. Thirty-two patients with OCD and thirty healthy controls performed the antisaccade task with neutral, positive, and negative visual images served as fixation stimuli. Presentation of the fixation stimulus overlapped with target stimuli appearance for 200 ms. The OCD group showed more errors to negative stimuli than the control group and they also performed antisaccades more slowly to negative and neutral stimuli than positive ones. Other patterns, including mean gaze velocity of correct antisaccades did not differ between groups. The mean gaze velocity of correct antisaccades was higher for negative and positive stimuli than for neutral stimuli in both groups. The peak velocity parameter did not show any differences either between groups or between valences. The findings support a hypothesis that an attentional bias toward negative stimuli interferes with inhibitory control in OCD.

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2023 Fifth International Conference Neurotechnologies and Neurointerfaces (CNN) 18-20 Sept. 2023

2023 · BOOK · en

Cognitive and emotional load in the course of increasing the complexity of tasks leads to the activation of various parts of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and can be accompanied by an increase in the efficiency of problem solving. An increase in cognitive load under the condition of high motivation is a stress factor and is expressed in a different reaction of the sympathetic and parasympathetic links in response to the load. This study explored the ANS reactions by measuring the pupil size of 61 healthy sub-clinical volunteers in response to the gradually increasing complexity of tasks. The experiment included 3 blocks of a combined visual search and 1-back task with six levels of difficulty. K-mean clustering method was used for the analysis. An increase in the complexity of the task from the first to the sixth level led to different dynamics of the pupil size in the three clustered groups. In one group, an intense high switchability and an active reaction with a large amplitude of changes were visible, in the second group the dynamics of changes was minimal, and a third intermediate group was also identified. Our results highlight individual differences in the reaction of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of ANS under cognitive workload depending on biometric and psychometric parameters.

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Cross-Subject Classification of Effectiveness in Performing Cognitive Tasks Using Resting-State EEG

2023 · ARTICLE · en

A high level of mathematical education is often associated with high effectiveness in solving cognitive problems and professional success. It is known that cognitive processes are accompanied by specific bioelectric activity in the brain and success in mathematical education as a behavioral phenotype is also reflected in EEG both during mental activity and at rest. This study tested the potential to distinguish volunteers with an advanced level of education in mathematics (AM) from individuals with a basic level of education in mathematics (BM) based on the frequency parameters of the resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) recorded before the start of cognitive tasks. Further, the volunteers were divided into two groups, highly successful and moderately successful, according to their task-solving performance. The Light Gradient Boosting Machine learning algorithm was used for cross-subject classification based on the power spectral density of seven EEG frequency bands. It most accurately recognized and differentiated EEG of highly successful from highly successful BM subjects. The results indicate that success in solving tasks in combination with a high level of education in mathematics can be reflected in or predicted by the specific rhythmic activity of the brain at rest.

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Implicit auditory perception of local and global irregularities in passive listening condition

2022 · ARTICLE · en

The auditory system detects differences in sounds at an implicit level, but data on this difference might not be sufficient to make explicit discrimination. The biomarkers of implicit auditory memory of ambiguous stimuli could shed light on unconscious auditory processing and implicit auditory learning. Mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a, components of event-related potentials (ERPs) reflecting stimuli discrimination without direct attention, were previously detected in response to the local (short-term) irregularity in the auditory sequence even in an unconscious state. At the same time, P3b was elicited only in case of direct attention in response to the global (long-term) irregularity. In this study, we applied the local-global auditory paradigm to obtain possible electrophysiological signatures of implicit detection of hardly distinguishable auditory stimuli. ERPs were recorded from 20 healthy volunteers during active discrimination of deviant sounds in the old-ball sequence and passive listening of the same sounds in the sequence with local-global irregularity. The discrimination task consisted of two blocks with different deviant sounds targeted to respond. The sound discrimination accuracy was at an average of 40%, implying the difficulty of explicit sound recognition. Comparing ERPs to standard and deviant sounds, we found posterior negativity in ERP around 450–600 ms in response to targeted deviant sounds. MMN was significant only in response to non-target deviants. In the passive local-global paradigm, we observed an anterior positivity (284–412 ms), compatible with P3a, in response to a violation of local regularity. Violation of global regularity elicited an anterior negative response (228–586 ms), resembling the N400 component of ERPs. Importantly, the other indexes of auditory discrimination, such as MMN and P3b, were insignificant in ERPs to both regularity violations. The observed P3a and N400 components of ERPs may reflect prediction error signals in the implicit perception of sound patterns even if behavioral recognition was poor.

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Курсы (5)