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Ключарёв Василий Андреевич

Институт когнитивных нейронаук

Профиль на hse.ru ↗ тел.: +7 (495) 772-95-90 | 22370
Публикаций
93
Языков
1
Наград
10
Конференций
6
Профиль Публикации (93) Курсы (2)

Профессиональные интересы

нейроэкономикакогнитивная нейронаукатранскраниальная магнитная стимуляциямагнитоэнцефалография (МЭГ)

Должности

  • Заведующий лабораторией — Институт когнитивных нейронаук, Международная лаборатория социальной нейробиологии
  • Научный руководитель образовательной программы — Когнитивные науки и технологии: от нейрона к познанию

Био

  • · Начал работать в НИУ ВШЭ в 2013 году.
  • · Научно-педагогический стаж: 18 лет.

Образование

  • 2003 · Кандидат биологических наук: Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, специальность 03.03.06 «Нейробиология»
  • 1994 · Специалитет: Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, факультет: Биологический, специальность «Физиология», квалификация «Биолог-физиолог»

Опыт работы

  • · 2000 - 2004: научный сотрудник (постдок) в Университете Аалто (Хельсинки)
  • · 2004 - 2009: научный сотрудник в Эразмус институте Менеджмента (Роттердам) с
  • · 2009 г.: старший научный сотрудник и преподаватель Базельского университета, группа экономической психологии с
  • · 2013: по
  • · 2016: год профессор, заведующий департаментом психологии, заместитель декана факультета социальных наук НИУ ВШЭ с
  • · 2016 г. - по настоящее время: директор Института когнитивных нейронаук НИУ ВШЭ

Награды и поощрения

  • · Благодарственное письмо ректора НИУ ВШЭ (март 2024)
  • · Благодарность Высшей школы экономики (апрель 2016)
  • · Персональная надбавка ректора (2022–2023)
  • · Надбавка за защиту докторской диссертации (2024–2027)
  • · Надбавка за публикации, вносящие особый вклад в международную научную репутацию НИУ ВШЭ (2023–2025)
  • · Надбавка за публикацию в журнале из Списка А (и приравненном к нему научном издании) (2024–2025)
  • · Надбавка за публикацию в международном рецензируемом научном издании (2021–2022, 2020–2021, 2018–2020)
  • · Надбавка за регулярные публикации в международных рецензируемых научных изданиях (2025–2030)
  • · Надбавка за статью в зарубежном рецензируемом журнале (2015–2017)
  • · Лучший преподаватель — 2023–2024, 2018–2020, 2015

Гранты и проекты

  • — · на соискание учёной степени кандидата наук

Конференции (6)

Показать все
  • · 2019: Society for NeuroEconomics Conference 2019 (Dublin). Доклад: The N400 study of price perception
  • · 2018: Volga Neuroscience Meeting 2018 (Nizhny Novgorod). Доклад: Action in auctions: neural and computational learning mechanisms of repeated bidding
  • · 2017: Society for NeuroEconomics Conference 2017 (Toronto). Доклад: Fronto-parietal coupling of brain rhythms during third-party punishment
  • · 2016: IEEE International Symposium «Video and Audio Signal Processing in the Context of Neurotechnologies» (Санкт-Петербург). Доклад: Neurobiological mechanisms of social punishment
  • · 2016: Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroeconomics (Берлин). Доклад: The role of the temporo-parietal junction and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in third-party punishment of norm violations
  • · 2015: Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroeconomics (Майами). Доклад: Neural mechanisms of post-decisional spreading of alternatives: EEG study

Идентификаторы исследователя

Публикации (93)

Neural Processing of Narratives: From Individual Processing to Viral Propagation

2020 · ARTICLE · en

Narratives, in the form of, e.g., written stories, mouth-to-mouth accounts, audiobooks, fiction movies, and media-feeds, powerfully shape the perception of reality and widely influence human decision-making. In this review, we describe findings from recent neuroimaging studies unraveling how narratives influence the human brain, thus shaping perception, cognition, emotions, and decision-making. It appears that narrative sense-making relies on default-mode network (DMN) structures of the brain, especially precuneus. Activity in precuneus further seems to differ for fictitious vs. real narratives. Notably, high inter-subject correlation (ISC) of brain activity during narrative processing seems to predict the efficacy of a narrative. Factors that enhance the ISC of brain activity during narratives include higher levels of attention, emotional arousal, and negative emotional valence. Higher levels of attentional suspense seem to co-vary with activity in the temporoparietal junction, emotional arousal with activity in dorsal attention network, and negative emotional valence with activity in DMN. Lingering after-effects of emotional narratives have been further described in DMN, amygdala, and sensory cortical areas. Finally, inter-individual differences in personality, and cultural-background related analytical and holistic thinking styles, shape ISC of brain activity during narrative perception. Together, these findings offer promising leads for future studies elucidating the effects of narratives on the human brain, and how such effects might predict the efficacy of narratives in modulating decision-making.

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Cortical plasticity elicited by monetary losses: An ERP study

2020 · ARTICLE · en

Both human and animal studies have demonstrated remarkable findings of experience-induced plasticity in the cortex. Here, we investigated whether the widely used monetary incentive delay (MID) task changes the neural processing of incentive cues that code expected monetary outcomes. We used a novel auditory version of the MID task, where participants responded to acoustic cues that coded expected monetary losses. To investigate task-induced brain plasticity, we presented incentive cues as deviants during passive oddball tasks before and after two sessions of the MID task. During the oddball task, we recorded the mismatch-related negativity (MMN) as an index of cortical plasticity. We found that two sessions of the MID task evoked a significant enhancement of MMN for incentive cues that predicted large monetary losses, specifically when monetary cue discrimination was essential for maximising monetary outcomes. The task-induced plasticity correlated with the learning-related neural activity recorded during the MID task. Thus, our results confirm that the auditory processing of (loss) incentive cues is dynamically modulated by previous monetary outcomes

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Action in auctions: neural and computational mechanisms of bidding behaviour

2019 · ARTICLE · en

Competition for resources is a fundamental characteristic of evolution. Auctions have been widely used to model competition of individuals for resources, and bidding behaviour plays a major role in social competition. Yet, how humans learn to bid efficiently remains an open question. We used model‐based neuroimaging to investigate the neural mechanisms of bidding behaviour under different types of competition. Twenty‐seven subjects (nine male) played a prototypical bidding game: a double action, with three “market” types, which differed in the number of competitors. We compared different computational learning models of bidding: directional learning models (DL), where the model bid is “nudged” depending on whether it was accepted or rejected, along with standard reinforcement learning models (RL). We found that DL fit the behaviour best and resulted in higher payoffs. We found the binary learning signal associated with DL to be represented by neural activity in the striatum distinctly posterior to a weaker reward prediction error signal. We posited that DL is an efficient heuristic for valuation when the action (bid) space is continuous. Indeed, we found that the posterior parietal cortex represents the continuous action space of the task, and the frontopolar prefrontal cortex distinguishes among conditions of social competition. Based on our findings, we proposed a conceptual model that accounts for a sequence of processes that are required to perform successful and flexible bidding under different types of competition.

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The Role of the Temporoparietal and Prefrontal Cortices in a Third-Party Punishment: A tDCS Study

2019 · ARTICLE · en

Recent studies have demonstrated that the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) and the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) are causally involved in social norm compliance. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a third party's decision to punish norm violations depends on the activity of the entire rDLPFC/rTPJ network. We used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to independently or jointly modulate rTPJ and rDLPFC activity during the third-party dictator game. We found a significant effect of anodal tDCS of the rTPJ, which decreased the third-party punishment of moderately unfair splits. Joint stimulation of the rTPJ (by anodal tDCS) and rDLPFC (by cathodal tDCS) produced a marginal effect on third-party punishment.

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The Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) Task Induces Changes in Sensory Processing: ERP Evidence

2019 · ARTICLE · en

Numerous cognitive studies have demonstrated experience-induced plasticity in the primary sensory cortex, indicating that repeated decisions could modulate sensory processing. In this context, we investigated whether an auditory version of the monetary incentive delay (MID) task could change the neural processing of the incentive cues that code expected monetary outcomes. To study sensory plasticity, we presented the incentive cues as deviants during oddball sessions recorded before and after training in the two MID task sessions. We found that after 2 days of training in the MID task, incentive cues evoked a larger P3a (compared with the baseline condition), indicating there was an enhancement of the involuntary attention to the stimuli that predict rewards. At the individual level, the training-induced change of mismatch-related negativity was correlated with the amplitude of the feedback-related negativity (FRN) recorded during the first MID task session. Our results show that the MID task evokes plasticity changes in the auditory system associated with better passive discrimination of incentive cues and with enhanced involuntary attention switching towards these cues. Thus, the sensory processing of incentive cues is dynamically modulated by previous outcomes.

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Depletion of executive control during risky decision making reveals a correspondence between the reflection effect and trial-by-trial strategy formation

2019 · ARTICLE · en

According to dual process theories, depletion of executive resources may amplify decision-making biases. Psychological studies investigating the influence of executive control on risky decision making typically employ dual task paradigms, e.g. a risky decision-making task in parallel with an executive task. However, these paradigms often reveal relatively weak to effects. In this study, we designed a novel task to determine the influence of executive control on risky decision making directly, and simultaneously separating gains and losses using a block design. Contrary to other tasks, risk taking, and executive control occurred during the same decision. When risky decisions were conditioned on high executive control, participants demonstrated a reflection effect: higher risk taking for loss blocks, compared to gain blocks. Further exploration revealed that the gain-domain specific influence of executive control on risky decisions occurred due to the influence of trial-by-trial decision-making strategies.

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Нейробиологические механизмы поддержания социальной нормы справедливости: обзор междисциплинарных исследований

2018 · ARTICLE · ru

Современные нейроимиджинговые исследования начинают приоткрывать нейробиологические механизмы следования социальным нормам. Настоящий обзор анализирует нейроимиджинговые исследования поддержания социальной нормы справедливости с помощью социального наказания, с акцентом на социальном наказании третьей стороной ввиду малой изученности этого феномена. Анализ литературы свидетельствует, что процесс социального наказания за нарушение нормы справедливости поддерживается распределенной активностью ряда областей коры головного мозга: (а) системой оценки социальных норм и (б) системой ментализации, с регионами-интеграторами информации в лобных отделах и теменно-височно-затылочной области мозга соответственно. Однако анализ современных исследований показывает, что нейробиологические механизмы принятия решения о социальном наказании некооперативного индивида требуют дополнительного изучения. Актуальным для будущих исследований представляется прояснение механизма взаимодействия вышеописанных нейронных сетей методами стимуляции отделов мозга и методами магнито- и электроэнцефалографии.

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Feedback-related negativity reflects omission of monetary gains: Evidence from ERP gambling study

2018 · ARTICLE · en

Feedback processing is an important aspect of learning. In the human brain, feedback processing is often examined by measuring an event-related potential, the feedback-related negativity component. Typically, the feedback-related negativity component is investigated by directly comparing gain with loss feedback randomized across trials; however, this method does not control for confounds associated with unexpected feedback. For this study we used a blocked design gambling task to investigate the sensitivity of feedback-related negativity to positive and negative feedback separately for gains and losses. While there appeared to be no significant feedback-related negativity in the loss domain, results revealed an enlarged feedback-related negativity during the omission of gains compared to the reception of gains. These findings further support the reward positivity hypothesis which declares that the feedback-related negativity is associated with the processing of outcomes in the context of gains as opposed to losses, irrespective of unexpectedness.

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Of The Medial Frontal Cortex Modulates Choice-Induced Preference Changes

2018 · PREPRINT · en

Cognitive dissonance arises as a reaction to conflict appearing in choices between two equally attractive options. It leads to changes in the desirability of these options. The chosen option becomes more desirable whereas the rejected option is devalued. Despite cognitive dissonance being largely used by social psychologists to explain social conformity and preference reevaluation, little is known about the neural mechanisms of such choice-induced preference changes. In this study, we modulated the activity of the posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC), which has been found to be involved in cognitive dissonance in neuroimaging studies. We influenced the activity of the pMFC before individual choices using both cathodal and anodal transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) during a revised version of Brehm's free-choice paradigm. Our results showed that cathodal tDCS over the pMFC significantly decreased the typical choice-induced preference change relative to a sham stimulation. On the contrary, no significant effect of anodal tDCS was observed. Our findings of the influence cathodal tDCS on preference re-evaluation highlight the central contribution of the pMFC in cognitive dissonance and provide evidence that pMFC plays a key role in the implementation of subsequent post-decision preference change.

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Neural Mechanisms of Post-Decisional Spreading of Alternatives

2018 · ARTICLE · en

Human choices are not only driven by inner preferences, but also have an impact on behavior. Economists and psychologists have extensively demonstrated that choosing between two attractive options leads to a downgrade of the rejected option and to an upgrade of the chosen one. Preference modulation after the mere act of making a choice has been repeatedly demonstrated over the last 50 years by an experimental paradigm called the ‘free-choice paradigm’. In the past decade the phenomenon of choice-induced preference change generated by cognitive dissonance has been explored by neuroscientists. An increasing amount of research has highlighted the central role of the posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC) in social conformity and cognitive dissonance. This area represents the dissonance between one’s currently inconsistent and ideally consistent states. However, other brain areas have been linked to cognitive dissonance and its resolution, but as yet the mechanisms underpinning cognitive dissonance and the functional connection among brain areas found involved in cognitive dissonance are still unknown. Here, we firstly review the neural mechanisms and brain areas involved in post-decisional preference change and cognitive dissonance. Secondly, we suggest an integration of the existing neurocognitive mechanism of cognitive dissonance. Finally, we suggest new research lines to further explore neural principles of cognitive dissonance and subsequent post-decisional preference change.

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Курсы (2)