Ключарёв Василий Андреевич
Институт когнитивных нейронаук
Профессиональные интересы
Должности
- Заведующий лабораторией — Институт когнитивных нейронаук, Международная лаборатория социальной нейробиологии
- Научный руководитель образовательной программы — Когнитивные науки и технологии: от нейрона к познанию
Био
- · Начал работать в НИУ ВШЭ в 2013 году.
- · Научно-педагогический стаж: 18 лет.
Образование
- 2003 · Кандидат биологических наук: Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, специальность 03.03.06 «Нейробиология»
- 1994 · Специалитет: Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, факультет: Биологический, специальность «Физиология», квалификация «Биолог-физиолог»
Опыт работы
- · 2000 - 2004: научный сотрудник (постдок) в Университете Аалто (Хельсинки)
- · 2004 - 2009: научный сотрудник в Эразмус институте Менеджмента (Роттердам) с
- · 2009 г.: старший научный сотрудник и преподаватель Базельского университета, группа экономической психологии с
- · 2013: по
- · 2016: год профессор, заведующий департаментом психологии, заместитель декана факультета социальных наук НИУ ВШЭ с
- · 2016 г. - по настоящее время: директор Института когнитивных нейронаук НИУ ВШЭ
Награды и поощрения
- · Благодарственное письмо ректора НИУ ВШЭ (март 2024)
- · Благодарность Высшей школы экономики (апрель 2016)
- · Персональная надбавка ректора (2022–2023)
- · Надбавка за защиту докторской диссертации (2024–2027)
- · Надбавка за публикации, вносящие особый вклад в международную научную репутацию НИУ ВШЭ (2023–2025)
- · Надбавка за публикацию в журнале из Списка А (и приравненном к нему научном издании) (2024–2025)
- · Надбавка за публикацию в международном рецензируемом научном издании (2021–2022, 2020–2021, 2018–2020)
- · Надбавка за регулярные публикации в международных рецензируемых научных изданиях (2025–2030)
- · Надбавка за статью в зарубежном рецензируемом журнале (2015–2017)
- · Лучший преподаватель — 2023–2024, 2018–2020, 2015
Гранты и проекты
- — · на соискание учёной степени кандидата наук
Конференции (6)
Показать все
- · 2019: Society for NeuroEconomics Conference 2019 (Dublin). Доклад: The N400 study of price perception
- · 2018: Volga Neuroscience Meeting 2018 (Nizhny Novgorod). Доклад: Action in auctions: neural and computational learning mechanisms of repeated bidding
- · 2017: Society for NeuroEconomics Conference 2017 (Toronto). Доклад: Fronto-parietal coupling of brain rhythms during third-party punishment
- · 2016: IEEE International Symposium «Video and Audio Signal Processing in the Context of Neurotechnologies» (Санкт-Петербург). Доклад: Neurobiological mechanisms of social punishment
- · 2016: Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroeconomics (Берлин). Доклад: The role of the temporo-parietal junction and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in third-party punishment of norm violations
- · 2015: Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroeconomics (Майами). Доклад: Neural mechanisms of post-decisional spreading of alternatives: EEG study
Идентификаторы исследователя
- ORCID:
0000-0002-5257-3789 - ResearcherID:
F-2965-2011 - SPIN РИНЦ:
8899-6322 - Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.ru/citations?hl=ru&view_op=list_works&gmla=AJsN-F7k1cppetFJtqLaag0ioTSBb5iulpvjVNXqY0XFCKmmO_7Nf8aXtx3PT6Givq2R5DcG-jEX1ivpUYGoFuWZjmTGY3OFu5hGRRSU3FSi0CcDO5wKewo8KgPsQn_vFz8pBrNtPLVo&user=6AzDc8EAAAAJ&cstart=0&pagesize=20
- Scopus AuthorID:
6508265153
Публикации (93)
Application of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Studies of Cognitive Dissonance in Decision Making
2023 · ARTICLE · en
The theory of cognitive dissonance (CD) is tightly linked with studies of the process of making complex decisions. In particular, CD is manifest within the framework of the “free choice paradigm” consisting of reassessment of alternatives as a result of choosing between two similar alternatives via the motivation to reduce internal conflict. The mechanisms of CD are associated with activity in the posterior medial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and posterior cingulate cortex, whose interactions are interpreted differently on the basis of neuroimaging and stimulation study results. One of the key and still unresolved issues in understanding the mechanisms of CD is the neurochronometry of its occurrence – it may be possible to discover this using transcranial magnetic and electrical stimulation methods (TMS and TES). Determination of the temporal sequence of neural CD mechanisms will not only clarify the fundamental nature of making difficult decisions, but will also provide for more effective manipulation of these mechanisms in various applied problems. However, TMS and TES protocols for influencing CD differ in parameters such as target, timing, frequency, stimulation strength, and control conditions, preventing direct comparison of research results. This review presents results from analysis of stimulation studies of CD seeking to identify the temporal patterns of the effect of stimulation on changes in preferences resulting from CD.
(Non)-experiencing the intention to move: On the comparisons between the Readiness Potential onset and Libet's W-time
2023 · ARTICLE · en
A seminal study by Libet et al. (1983) provided a popular approach to compare the introspective timing of movement execution (the M-time) and the intention to move (the W-time) with respect to the onset of the readiness potential (RP). The difference between the W-time and the RP onsets contributed significantly to the current free-will discussion, insofar as it has been repeatedly shown that the RP onset unequivocally precedes the W-time. However, the interpretations of Libet's paradigm continuously attract criticism, questioning the use of both the W-time and the RP onset as indicators of motor intention. In the current study, we further probe whether the W-time is rather an intention-unrelated product of the participant's inference than an unambiguous temporal marker of the intention to move. Using behavioral reports and concurrent multichannel EEG, we investigated the relationship between the W-time and M-time introspective reports in two groups of participants who started an experiment with a series of different reports. Congruently with previous studies, we have shown that the W-time is affected by the experimental procedures: participants who had prior experience reporting the M-time provided significantly earlier W-time. However, contrary to previous papers, we revealed that even naive participants do introspectively differentiate the W-time and the M-time, which suggests that the W-time might actually reflect the intention to move, at least to some extent. We, therefore, suggest that training-based modulation of the W-time values may explain this finding. Moreover, we further confirm the absence of a direct link between the RP onset and the W-time by showing no covariation between them in both experimental groups. In turn, our findings question the overall interpretation of the comparison between these two time points. Overall, our study further emphasizes the ambiguity of Libet's paradigm, and suggests that the relatedness of both the RP and the W-time to the movement initiation processes should not be assumed a priori.
Neurochronometry of choice-induced preference changes: when do preferences actually change?
2023 · ARTICLE · en
According to cognitive dissonance theory, a discrepancy between preferences and actions may lead to the revaluation of preferences, increasing preference for the chosen options and decreasing for the rejected options. This phenomenon is known as the spreading of alternatives (SoA), which results in a choice-induced preference change (CIPC). Previous neuroimaging studies have identified several brain regions that play a role in cognitive dissonance. However, the neurochronometry of the cognitive mechanisms underlying CIPC is a topic of debate. In other words, does it occur during the difficult choice, immediately after the choice, or when people encounter the options again? Furthermore, it remains unclear what is the exact time point, relative to the onset of facing options, either within the choice or after it, when the attitudes start to be revised. We argue that applying online protocols of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), during or immediately after the choice process, could be the most efficient way to better understand the temporal dynamics of the SoA effect. TMS allows for achieving high temporal and spatial resolution, modulating the activity of areas of interest, and examining the causal relationships. Besides, unlike the offline TMS, the online instrument allows tracking of the neurochronometry of attitude change, by varying stimulation onsets and durations with respect to the option stimuli. Based on scrupulous analysis of previous findings, employing online TMS studies of conflict monitoring, cognitive control, and CIPC neuroimaging results, we conclude that the use of online TMS is critical to examine the neurochronometry of CIPC.
The prediction of market-level food choices by the neural valuation signal
2023 · ARTICLE · en
Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated the ability to use the brain activity of a group of individuals to forecast the behavior of an independent group. In the current study, we attempted to forecast aggregate choices in a popular restaurant chain. During our functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, 22 participants were exposed to 78 photos of dishes from a new menu of a popular restaurant chain. In addition to self-reported preferences, fMRI data was extracted from an a priori domain-general and task-specific region of interest—the ventral striatum. We investigated the relationship between the neural activity and real one-year sales provided by the restaurant chain. Activity in the ventral striatum, which was defined using the task-specific region of interest, significantly correlated (r = 0.28, p = 0.01) with one-year sales. A regression analysis, which included ventral striatum activity together with the objective characteristics of the products (price and weight), behavioral, and survey data, showed R2 values of 0.33. Overall, our results confirm prior studies, which have suggested, that brain activity in the reward system of a relatively small number of individuals can forecast the aggregate choice of a larger independent group of people.
Electrophysiological correlates of third-party punishment: ERP study
2023 · ARTICLE · en
Human societies benefit from social norms that increase cooperation and support social order. Hence, the understanding of effective mechanisms enforcing norms is crucial. One of such mechanisms is “third-party punishment” (TPP) – a form of social punishment that could be delivered by a third-party, not directly affected by the actions of the norm violator. Previous electrophysiological studies (ERP) reported that perceived violations of norms evoked the medial frontal negativity in third-parties. The current study further probed the link between the medial frontal negativity (MFN) and actual TPP of norm violation, as it was not shown directly before. Participants played a dictator game as third-parties, being able to select different levels of punishment of an unfair violator’s decisions. We replicated previous findings and showed the amplitude of the MFN correlated with the intensity of TPP (Fz, r = -0.516, p = 0.034, FCz, r = -0.509; p = 0.037). Overall, our findings further support the direct link between the MFN and the intensity of TPP.
Neurocognitive Processing of Attitude-Consistent and Attitude-Inconsistent Deepfakes: N400 Study
2023 · CHAPTER · en
Nowadays the mass distribution of fake content has acquired a significant scale and spread to various topics, including politics, econom- ics, democracy etc. One of the modern varieties of fake representation is the technology for synthesizing video and audio formats called deepfake. With the development of neural networks, such a new method has become very popular and effective (Thies et al., 2016). Although a new area of interest attracts scientists of different directions, involving neuroscientists and cog- nitive psychologists, a few papers are devoted to specific neurophysiologi- cal correlations in deepfake format processing. The current study involves completely new attitude-consistent and attitude-inconsistent audio deep- fakes dedicated to the topic of vaccination against the COVID-19 virus in Russia. The author analyzes electrophysiological brain response towards such deepfakes manifestation and observes whether congruence or incon- gruence of internal attitudes and the degree of analytical thinking influence the level of trust to deepfakes.
Neurocognitive Processing of Attitude-Consistent and Attitude-Inconsistent Deepfakes: N400 Study
2023 · CHAPTER · en
The project examined behavioral and electrophysiological brain responses to auditory deepfakes that were created for two well-known speakers and investigated participants with pro-vaccination and anti-vaccination attitudes. Our analysis focused on EEG activity taking into account congruence or incongruence of internal attitudes and the degree of analytical thinking, need for cognition and conformity of participants. We found that the level of trust to deepfakes was significantly influenced by the interaction between internal attitudes and speaker and need for cognition. The higher negative evoked brain response, alike to the N600 component, was observed for anti-vaccination group in mismatch to public opinion of the speaker.
The efficacy of the sugar-free labels is reduced by the health-sweetness tradeoff
2023 · PREPRINT · en
In the present study, we use an experimental setting to explore the effects of sugar-free labels on the willingness to pay for food products. In our experiment, participants placed bids for sugar-containing and analogous sugar-free products in a Becker-deGroot-Marschak auction to determine the willingness to pay. Additionally, they rated each product on the level of perceived healthiness, sweetness, tastiness and familiarity with the product. We then used structural equation modelling to estimate the direct, indirect and total effect of the label on the willingness to pay. The results suggest that sugar-free labels significantly increase the willingness to pay due to the perception of sugar-free products as healthier than sugar-containing ones. However, this positive effect is overridden by a significant decrease in perceived sweetness (and hence, tastiness) of products labelled as sugar-free compared to sugar-containing products. As in our sample, healthiness and tastiness are positively related, while healthiness and sweetness are related negatively, these results suggest that it is health-sweetness rather than health-tastiness tradeoff that decreases the efficiency of the sugar-free labelling in nudging consumers towards healthier options.
An Investigation of Neural Dynamics of the Prefrontal Cortex in Decision-Making Under Uncertainty
2023 · ARTICLE · en
Decision-making under uncertainty often requires arbitrating between exploiting the current behavioral strategy with some possible adjustments versus exploring new behavioral strategies instead. This «exploitation-exploration» dilemma is critical for efficient adaptive behaviour in an open-ended and changing everyday environment and is assumed to be fundamental for executive control and decision-making processes. In the later publications on the computational model of human reasoning (PROBE model), the exact neural mechanisms of the vmPFC-dmPFC track were shown, revealing that predictive coding mechanism is used for the reward prediction. However, both the causal role and the neural mechanisms for the second track involving the frontopolar cortex in processing and storing information about alternative strategies and efficacy of their retrieval remain poorly understood. We have conducted a transcranial direct current stimulation study to test the causal role of the frontopolar cortex. Although the stimulation did not significantly affect the total number of correct answers, the medium learning effect was found for the second day (t(41) = −3.31, p = 0.002; Cohen's d = −0.55).
Central EEG beta/alpha ratio predicts the population-wide efficiency of advertisements
2022 · ARTICLE · en
Recent studies have demonstrated that the brain activity of a group of people can be used to forecast choices at the population level. In this study, we attempted to neuroforecast aggregate consumer behavior of Internet users. During our electroencephalography (EEG) and eye-tracking study, participants were exposed to 10 banners that were also used in the real digital marketing campaign. In the separate online study, we additionally collected self-reported preferences for the same banners. We explored the relationship between the EEG, eye-tracking, and behavioral indexes obtained in our studies and the banners’ aggregate efficiency provided by the large food retailer based on the decisions of 291,301 Internet users. An EEG-based engagement index (central beta/alpha ratio) significantly correlated with the aggregate efficiency of banners. Furthermore, our multiple linear regression models showed that a combination of eye-tracking, EEG and behavioral measurements better explained the market-level efficiency of banner advertisements than each measurement alone. Overall, our results confirm that neural signals of a relatively small number of individuals can forecast aggregate behavior at the population level.
Курсы (2)
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Нейробиология поведения
2025/2026 · Бакалавриат · рус
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Introduction to Neuroeconomics: How the Brain Makes Decisions · 3 раза
2024/2025, 2023/2024, 2022/2023 · Маго-лего · Анг