Растворцева Светлана Николаевна

Economic Activity in Russian Regions

2018 · ARTICLE · en

The paper deals with the issues of concentration of economic activity in Russian regions influenced not only by factors of the “first nature” – presence of minerals, fertile land, favorable geographic position, but also by factors of the “second nature”, in particular, the agglomeration effects and potential savings in the scale. Analysis of the geographic concentration and the region-specific focus reflects the general trend in the concentration of industrial production, investment and human resources, provides the necessary information framework for a harmonized economic policy. The purpose for the study is to theoretically justify and analyze economic activity concentration in terms of assessment of concentration and specialization of Russian regions over time. The paper reveals terminological aspects of concentration, agglomeration, specialization, agglomeration economics and urbanization. The applied methodological tools of assessment include the localization factor, Herfindahl-Hirschman and Krugman concentration and specialization indices, Gini index. The research novelty lies in the formation of the terminological framework of the location theory, namely the definition of agglomeration as a process of concentration of activities in a region supported by circular logic at several levels with a distinction between its two types – “economy of localization” and “economy of urbanization”; in the identification of the relative and absolute types of geographic concentration. Elements of the research novelty are contained in the methodological framework of the study – the system of traditional indicators for assessing the concentration and specialization of regional economy is supplemented by relevant Krugman indices similar in content to the Herfindahl-Hirschman indices, but reflecting the heterogeneity of development to a greater extent; the localization factor is used to identify potential economic clusters in the territory when making decisions in the process of regions’ management. High concentration of investment and industrial production in Russian regions, consistent upward trend of the labor force is revealed. This situation leads to increased inter-regional inequality. The manufacturing industry has experienced a decline in employment. The tendency towards concentration is identified in the pulp and paper industry, publishing and printing, metallurgy, manufacturing of transport vehicles and equipment, and chemical production. The regions with a high level of specialization include Kamchatka Krai, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the Sakhalin, Magadan, Ivanovo and Lipetsk oblasts. The obtained results can be used in scientific research to analyze the concentration of economic activity, assess the development of agglomeration processes, or as recommendations for implementing the economic policy in the regions.

Теоретические аспекты возможности ухода экономики региона от траектории предшествующего развития

2018 · ARTICLE · ru

В статье проведен анализ исследований в области эволюционной экономики и показано, что для успешного развития региона необходимо не просто понимать степень зависимости от предшествующего пути, но и знать условия и возможные направления ухода от сложившегося пути, так как преимущественная доля стран и регионов следует традиционной (инерционной), а не инновационной траектории развития. К числу факторов, удерживающих регион в «колее», отнесены цепочки непредвиденных событий, зарождение институтов, возникновение и рост отдачи от масштаба, сетевые эффекты и положительна обратная связь. В работе доказано, что уход от траектории предшествующего развития возможен через технологические инновации, которые не только стимулируют рост в существующих отраслях, но и ответственны за возникновение новой экономики. Инновационная траектория развития базируется на концепции «созидательного разрушения» — возникновения новых отраслей промышленности в результате дополнения и переделки существующих. Бóльшими возможностями для диверсификации производства обладают сильные регионы и те, в которых уже сформировался технологически близкий набор отраслей. Практическая ценность работы обуславливается тем, что в условиях ограниченных ресурсов, когда страна или регион движется по проложенной колее, расходы на «разворот» достаточно велики и требуют научной аргументации. Выбор направлений ухода от сложившейся траектории развития зависит непосредственно от промышленной структуры региона, действующих институтов и норм, имеющихся трудовых ресурсов и капитала. Региональный потенциал определяет, какие новые перспективные направления в регионе могут появиться. Уход от траектории предшествующего развития происходит через региональное развертывание — процесс возникновения нового вида экономической деятельности из технологически связанных с ним отраслей. Одним из препятствующих факторов становится «эффект портфеля» — стремление региона к созданию и поддержанию определенного набора не связанных между собой отраслей, которые позволяют оставаться ему экономически устойчивым при внешних потрясениях.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE COMPETITIVE, SUSTAINABLE AND SECURE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGIONAL ECONOMY: RESPONSE TO GLOBAL CHALLENGES (CSSDRE 2018)

2018 · BOOK · en

Assessment of the impact of innovative factors on economic growth of the Russian regions

2018 · CHAPTER · en

The goal of the research is the verification of the hypothesis that an innovative economic growth has a considerable importance for the regions with a high development level and is less significant in the explanation of the growth in other regions. The government and public expenditures for R&D are concentrated in a small number of the leading regions and also in those which are located closer to the industrial border. The regions beyond the borders of these technology intensive centers depend as a rule on less technological forms of innovation and on the technology transfer. We determined the following factors which are important for the regional growth: human capital, infrastructure, labour market, innovation, agglomerations interactions and productivity. As the factors characterizing the innovations we use the number of the issued patents, internal expenditures for the R&D, expenditures for technological innovations, number of employees involved in the R&D, volume of innovative goods, works and services and innovative activity of organizations. The innovations can have a positive impact on the long term growth. The data were collected in 83 regions of Russia in 2005-2015. The model of a regression with a constant elasticity was used. In the case when the impact of the competitive environment factors on the regional economic growth is significant it is difficult to assess the importance of the innovations. The division of the regions into groups according to the GDP per capita allows us showing the significant factors of their innovative growth. From the point of view of a practical application it is obvious that the regions with the development of the regions lower than average GDP per capita are expected to develop due to the innovations. Such institutional factors like management, leadership, efficient use of the potential available in the region are expected to take into account the active role of the innovations for the working force. Using as an example the Russian regions we showed that the provision of an innovative economic growth has a considerable impact for the regions with the level of the development lower than average and is less important for the explanation of the growth in other regions.

Диверсификация экспортно-импортных отношений регионов России как направление экономического роста (на примере Белгородской области)

2017 · ARTICLE · ru

Внешняя торговля Российской Федерации после вступления в силу экономических санкция со стороны Европейского Союза и США претерпела существенные изменения. Помимо ухудшения торговых отношений с основным торговым партнером – Европейским союзом, на долю которого ранее приходилась почти половина внешнеторгового оборота, Россия столкнулась с необходимостью переориентации экспортно-импортных отношений. Это привело к поиску новых рынков сбыта продукции, каковым стали страны экономического и торгового блока БРИКС. Страны БРИКС являются перспективным рынком сбыта и продвижения продукции РФ, так как именно на их долю приходится около 43% населения планеты, 21% мирового ВВП, 17,3% объемов международной торговли, 12,7% мирового рынка услуг. В связи с этим, улучшение торговых отношений со странами БРИКС должно рассматриваться как альтернатива переориентации российского экспорта и импорта и исследоваться на региональном уровне, что позволит обеспечить устойчивые темпы экономического роста.

Agglomeration economics in regions: the case in the Russian industry

2017 · ARTICLE · en

The paper deals with the issues of economic activity location in the Russian regions, that is influenced not only by factors "first nature" - the presence of minerals, fertile land, favorable geographic position, but also factors of a "second nature", in particular, the agglomeration effects and the economy of scale. Analysis of geographic concentration and regional specialization reflects the general trend of the location of industrial production, investment and human resources, provides the necessary information basis for a balanced economic policy.

Assessment of the labor factors impact on the economic growth of the region: evidence from Russia

2017 · CHAPTER · en

Labor productivity is the most important factor in the economic growth of the region. Traditional production functions assess the contribution of labor resources to three-fourths of the total one. But today there are new factors, the inclusion of which in the model is necessary, since they determine the key forces of economic development, identify the direction of regional policy. Economic growth, according to neoclassical theory and the theory of endogenous growth, is influenced by labor resources: population density, quality of labor, the level of employment, investment in human capital, labor productivity. The role of human capital in the models of endogenous growth is considered at two angles: through the ability to generate knowledge and innovative development and as an independent factor - the accumulation of human capital in the region is the basis of economic growth. The article analyzes classical and modern approaches to assessing the impact of labor resources on economic growth, shows the role played by production functions in such approaches. The characteristic of the main trends of the economic growth of the Russian regions is given, the analysis of development of labor resources and efficiency of their use is made. Production functions such as the Cobb-Douglas type are constructed for the Russian regions, showing the contribution of labor and capital to economic growth, and the statistical significance of these factors is determined. The study was conducted for 83 regions of Russia for the period from 1995 to 2015. The study will identify the main trends of the impact of the labor force to economic growth, to form the main conclusions for economic policy in the regions of Russia.

Improving the transport system as the basis for economic growth in the regions: agent based models application

2017 · CHAPTER · en

The development of transport infrastructure is an important factor in the economic growth of the territory. The ability to predict the transport demand and traffic on the road network is vital for development of regional and urban transport system. Agent based modelling has emerged as a practice tool of traffic and transport planning in region and urban area. The purpose of the research is to assess the possibility of using agent based models for transport planning in Russian regions and cities. In order to reach the set, it was studied the theoretical basis of the scientific method. The main trends in the development of the transport system in the cities and regions of Russia were assessed. It was made an assessment of the impact of the road transport infrastructure development on the economic growth of Russian regions. It is shown that when analyzing Russian regions, it is necessary to take into account the level of development of not only the automotive infrastructure, but also other types of transport. The role of transport infrastructure for economic growth was shown. The characteristics of different types of agent based models used to solve problems of the regional and urban transport system were given and it was done the corresponding conclusions. The results of our research will allow revealing the basic tendencies of development of transport system as a basis of economic growth in regions, to determine the possibility of using agent based models in solving such problems. In conclusion, we offer some practical recommendations for improving regional transport system and provide economic policies to ensure economic growth.

Assessment of the innovation factors impact on economic growth in Russian regions

2017 · CHAPTER · en

Purpose: The aim of the research is to test hypothesis that ensuring economic growth innovation is important for regions with higher level of development and it is less significant in explaining growth in other regions. Public and private R&D expenditure is very highly concentrated in a small number of leading regions: those closer to the productive frontier. Regions outside these high-technology cores tend to depend on less R&D-intensive forms of innovation and on technology transfer. Design/methodology/approach: We have identified the following factors that are relevant for the regional growth: human capital, infrastructure, labour market, innovation, agglomeration and connectivity, productivity. As the innovation factor, we use number of patents, internal expenditures on R&D, expenditures on technological innovations, the number of staff engaged in R&D, the volume of innovative goods, works and services, innovative activity of organizations. Innovation can have a positive impact on long-term growth. The data has been collected in 83 Russian regions for 2005-2015. We use a power-mode regression model with constant elasticity. Findings: Not all innovative factors have a positive effect on the regional economic growth. The inclusion of such factors as employment rate; internal expenditures on R & D; the number of staff engaged in R & D; the innovative goods, works and services; innovative activity of organizations; density of GDP is surplus. The analysis showed that they are not statistically significant. Partly we can explain it as the more successful regions develop due to conjuncture factors, and science and technology are not the reason for economic growth. Our hypothesis has not been confirmed. Research/practical implications: In the case when the influence of the conjuncture factors on regional economic growth is great, it is difficult to assess the significance of innovation. The division of regions into groups according to the level of per capita GRP allows us to identify significant factors of innovation for growth. From the point of view of practical application, we see that the regions below average level of per capita GDP need the development of innovation. Such institutional factors as governance, leadership, capacity should consider an active role of innovation and work force. Originality/value: On the example of the Russian regions we have shown that ensuring economic growth innovation is important for regions with below average level of development and it is less significant in explaining of growth in other regions.

Структурные особенности регионального экономического роста (на примере агропромышленного комплекса Центрального Черноземья)

2017 · CHAPTER · ru

Для структурных особенностей регионального экономического роста на примере агропромышленного комплекса предлагаем дать сравнительную оценку развитию до и после начала проведения реформы. Объектом исследования мы определили регионы Центрального Черноземья России ввиду их значительной вовлеченности в агропромышленный сектор.