Михайлова Оксана Рудольфовна

Child Self-Care Autonomy in Health (Scale for Parents): Development, Internal Structure, and Sex/Age Correlates

2023 · ARTICLE · en

Autonomy in self-care practices in the health sphere is a critical characteristic for the survival of humans throughout the life span. Notably, however, the current literature lacks psychometrically sound instruments that measure this phenomenon among children without diagnosed chronic health conditions. The purpose of the present exploratory study was to develop, test, and provide data regarding the reliability and validity of the Child Self-Care Autonomy in Health (CSAH) scale. The piloted version of the CSAH yielded an 11-item instrument designed to reflect the parent's perspective in measuring the extent of autonomy in self-care actions related to health for a child, whether diagnosed with a chronic illness or not. Data were collected through an online survey of a non-random sample of Russian-speaking parents currently residing in Russia (N = 349). The analysis focused on scale structure via principal component analysis and age/sex associations. The proposed CSAH may be of interest to social workers, health professionals, and parents seeking to ascertain schoolers' autonomy in self-care practices in the health sphere and support building a stronger selfcare mindset.

Emerging Adulthood in Russia: Class and Educational Disparities

2023 · ARTICLE · en

"Emerging adulthood" is a unique developmental stage between adolescence and early adulthood. During this period, individuals experience a transition towards adult roles and begin to view their lives as full of opportunities for identity exploration, experimentation, possibilities, and self-focus. Previous research has questioned the universality of emerging adulthood as a developmental stage and its’ applicability to young adults from lower socioeconomic backgrounds without higher education. This paper contributes to this debate by analyzing the relationships between education, socioeconomic background, and emerging adulthood. We use the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA) to measure emerging adulthood among 2177 Russian young people aged 24-26 who participated in the Russian Longitudinal Panel Study of Educational and Occupational Trajectories (TrEC) in 2021. Our findings confirm that emerging adulthood is not limited to the US, where the concept was coined, but also occurs in developing countries.

Социологические иcследования вебкам-моделинга в условиях цифровизации рынка секс-услуг: теоретический обзор

2023 · ARTICLE · ru

В статье приведен мета-нарративный обзор актуальных зарубежных исследований цифровизации секс-работы. Со все большим распространением социальных медиа и электронных платформ массовых коммуникаций, социальные и экономические взаимодействия все чаще осуществляются в цифровом пространстве. На пересечении общественной и экономической сфер находится секс-работа, которая в значительной мере испытала на себе влияние цифровизации, в особенности после недавней пандемии. Однако работ, посвященных переходу секс-работы на цифровые платформы, не очень много — в России их почти нет. Этот обзор не только обрисовывает исследовательское поле, чтобы создать базис для дальнейшего изучения этого феномена, но и предлагает классификацию статей по социологическим парадигмам для лучшего понимания результатов эмпирических исследований.

Опросные исследования межпоколенческой трансмиссии ценностей: обзор зарубежных исследований

2023 · ARTICLE · ru

Данная статья представляет собой обзор зарубежного англоязычного поля опросных исследований межпоколенческой трансмиссии ценностей (МТЦ). В ходе подобных научных изысканий, как правило, опрашиваются группы родственников: родители (отец и / или мать) – передатчики ценностей и получатель ценностей – ребенок, а также учитываются контекстуальные факторы, например период жизни ребенка, композиция семьи и социально- экономическая ситуация в стране. Несмотря на то, что измерение МТЦ является важным инструментом мониторинга процессов социальной динамики, а также способом сглаживания различных форм стигматизации на основе принадлежности к поколению и возрасту, эта методология пока не получила широкого распространения среди российских представителей социальных наук. В этой статье для определения перспектив изучения МТЦ в отечественных опросных исследованиях родителей и их детей систематизируются угрозы надежности и валидности измерения МТЦ на основе анализа зарубежных публикаций с опорой на теоретические представления о критериях качества количественных исследований Э. Дрост. По результатам анализа было установлено, что основные риски при изучении МТЦ представляют: ситуация опроса, выбор вопросника для измерения ценностей, размер и композиция выборки, количество и периодичность замеров ценностей. Проблемы, связанные с конструктной валидностью и надежностью, видятся как более всего поддающиеся исследовательскому контролю и воздействию. Вместе с тем серьезные опасения вызывает валидность статистических выводов, внутренняя и внешняя валидности. Уменьшение их негативного вклада в качество измерения МТЦ представляет собой актуальный методический вызов и на данный момент может препятствовать в расширении использования данной методологии российскими учеными. Статья может быть интересна для исследователей семьи, детства и взросления.

Folk Devils or Moral Entrepreneurs? Gap Bridging in the Social Studies of Pro-ana Communities

2022 · ARTICLE · en

In moral panic studies, pro-ana communities are usually considered folk devils. Namely, pro-ana culture is investigated as an object of ‘moral crusades’ led by scientists, physicians, activists, politicians, mass media, parents and many other social actors concerned about the epidemics of restrictive eating disorders. In this paper, I put aside this strand of moral panic research and discuss the role of pro-ana communities as facilitators of moral panic to bridge the macro-micro divide in scientific investigations of the pro-ana phenomenon. I propose to examine pro-ana people as entrepreneurs of the moral panic over obesity. This means that pro-ana communities can be analysed as creating and spreading contemporary legends on obesity in their communication processes. Furthermore, I discuss and exemplify the roles of pro-ana people as amplifiers, supporters and enforcers of this panic. In addition, while reconnecting micro and macro levels in the explanation of the pro-ana phenomenon, I contribute to the development of moral panic theory, as the application of the concept of ‘moral panic’ to pro-ana communities facilitates niche formation in biomedical social research.

Measuring judiciarization of people with mental illnesses

2022 · ARTICLE · en

The judiciarization of the psychiatric subject is a two-sided process. It could antidiscriminate people with mental illnesses but, at the same time, it could potentially provoke pathologization of mental illnesses. Current methodologies proposed to measure this important and complicated process for people with mental illnesses do not allow analysis on multiple levels (the macro, meso, and micro). In this article, to fll this gap we propose a methodological strategy that helps to investigate judiciarization of people with mental illnesses on multiple levels at once. This approach is based on critical discourse analysis of legal documents and court decisions that feature people with the poor mental health. Namely, we suggest how to measure the level or degree of judiciarization, its geographical evenness, actors in the legal process, its dimensions (the law branches of its occurrence), and linguistic content. We applied this methodology in examining 1,243 legal documents and 327,311 court decisions that were issued by agents of the Russian law system. The research fndings show that judiciarization levels in Russia have been rising over the years, moving away from stigmatizing those with mental illnesses and towards anti-discrimination. Our paper could be of interest to socio-legal researchers and social policy practitioners.

Anorexia and Young Womens’ Personal Networks: Size, Structure, and Kinship

2022 · ARTICLE · en

Measuring Moral Panic Propagation on the Interpersonal Level: Case of Pro-ana Women Bloggers

2022 · ARTICLE · en

Despite the large number of papers devoted to the analysis of moral panic, research is lacking on methods to measure moral panic propagation on the interpersonal level. This article addresses that gap, suggesting a methodological approach that could be applied to studies of moral panic propagation by interpersonal interactions. Based on the pairing of ego-network analysis and biographical interviews, this method measures the influence of personal social contacts on an individual’s participation in a moral panic. To demonstrate the capabilities of this methodology, I examine the obesity moral panic propagation. I conceptualize pro-ana women as moral panickers who diffuse moral panic on obesity and analyze 50 biographical interviews with Russian-speaking pro-ana women bloggers along with their public online diaries. The study findings are discussed in relation to obesity moral panic research. The potential and limitations of the approach are shown in the moral panic propagation analysis.

Family environment hostility as the missing element between school bullying victimization and anorexia

2022 · ARTICLE · en

Eating disorders significantly impact the quality of life of the persons they affect, as well as their involvement in school bullying. People with bulimia and binge-eating disorders are known to be more likely to be victims of bullying; however, studies provide mixed evidence on the connection between bullying and anorexia. Therefore, in this paper, we suggest an explanation for the bullying victimization of people with anorexia. Our theoretical framework is based on psychoanalytical research on eating disorders, and we illustrate our arguments with the results of biographical interviews with 50 girls who have been diagnosed with anorexia. We show that a hostile family environment may influence the girls’ proneness to fall victim to school bullying. Therefore, school staff hoping to address the involvement of girls with anorexia in bullying should be aware of the role that family members play in bullying victimization and tailor interventions accordingly.

A struggle for definition: explanatory models of satanism in sociology

2022 · ARTICLE · en

Many terms used both in sociology and lay discourse have nonscientific origins. Therefore, it is important to clarify the meanings of these concepts to understand the heuristic capacities that they have for scientific research. The notion of satanism emerged in evangelical manuscripts, and it has since appeared repeatedly in political and juridical discussions. Moreover, there are conflicting opinions about the suitability of this notion for sociological study. In this paper, I use critical concept analysis and a critical perspective on religion to examine sociological discourse on satanism. The aim is to reveal the image of satanism that is constructed by sociologists, to understand the relations between academic and lay discourse on satanism, and to analyze how the sociological accounts of satanism are formed. I argue that to enhance sociology—and religious studies in general—among contemporary views of satanism, the naturalist model is the most promising, but it is not the only one that should be used to explain this notion.