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The CSR-threshold effect on dividend payout policy: insights from MENA region

2026 · ARTICLE · en

Climate risk and bank liquidity creation in MENA region: a dual threshold–quantile approach

2026 в печати · ARTICLE · en

Purpose This study aims to examine the complex, nonlinear relationship between climate risk and bank liquidity creation (LC) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, a climate-vulnerable area where this channel remains largely unexplored. Design/methodology/approach The authors apply a novel dual threshold–quantile method, complemented by a quantile-on-quantile approach, to a panel data set of 126 banks in 19 MENA countries over 2006–2022. This methodology allows us to identify critical risk thresholds and capture heterogeneous effects across the entire distribution of liquidity creation. Findings The results reveal a threshold-dependent relationship: climate risk exerts a positive and significant influence on bank LC, but only after surpassing a critical level of risk exposure. Furthermore, this positive effect is heterogeneous and is most pronounced for banks with moderate, rather than low or high, levels of preexisting liquidity creation. Research limitations/implications The findings highlight that policymakers and financial regulators must account for nonlinearities and distributional heterogeneity. Climate risk should be integrated into financial stability frameworks not as a linear threat, but as a potential trigger for complex behavioral shifts that can expand liquidity under specific high-risk conditions. Originality/value This paper provides the first empirical evidence of a nonlinear climate risk−LC nexus in the MENA region. By moving beyond linear models and a narrow credit focus, the authors demonstrate that banks can paradoxically expand systemic liquidity in high-climate-risk regimes, driven by precautionary savings and flight-to-quality behavior.

The nonlinear relationship between institutional quality and bank liquidity creation: evidence from a panel threshold model

2025 · ARTICLE · en

The Uniform Relationship between Managerial Ability and Bank Loan Quality: Does it hold? Evidence from Quantile Regressions

2025 · PREPRINT · en

This study examines the relationship between managerial ability (MA) and bank loan quality, employing a quantile regression model. It analyzes whether the impact of MA on loan quality changes across various quantiles of risk. Using a sample of 126 MENA banks (2006–2020), the results reveal that the impact of MA on bank loan quality varies acrossloan quality quantiles. Using non-performing loans (NPLs) as a loan quality measure, we find that MA reduces NPLs at moderate quantile levels. This relation becomes inverse at higher level of NPLs. Our findings are strengthened by a quantileon-quantile regression. These results add to the literature by providing insight between MA and bank loan quality using a non-monotonic methodology.

The nonlinear relationship between managerial ability and bank liquidity creation in the MENA region: Does institutional quality matter?

2025 · ARTICLE · en

The dual role of liquidity creation in bank default risk: evidence form North Africa

2025 · ARTICLE · en

Climate Risk and Bank Liquidity Creation in MENA Region: A Dual Threshold–Quantile Approach

2025 · PREPRINT · en

Critical Mass And Bank Risk: Examining The Threshold Effect Of Women On Boards In The Mena Region

2025 · PREPRINT · en

Asymmetric effects of environmental taxes on renewable energy: Evidence from developing countries

2025 · ARTICLE · en

Earnings Management and ESG Performance in Gulf Cooperation Council Banks: A Multi-Method Analysis of Relationship Complexity

2025 · PREPRINT · en

This study investigates the complex, non-linear relationship between Earnings Management (EM) and ESG performance in banks operating in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Using a multi-method approach (Quantile, Threshold, and Quantile-on-Quantile Regression) on data from 2010–2024, we find that EM most severely harms median-ESG performers, exhibits a sharp negative impact beyond a specific threshold, and is highly asymmetric—greatest when high EM combines with low-medium ESG. The analysis of ESG by individual pillar shows social performance drives this sensitivity, governance reveals a negative cycle, and environmental performance is neutral. These results challenge one-size-fits-all regulation, advocating for targeted oversight based on a bank's specific ESG and financial reporting profile.