Штыров Юрий Юрьевич
Институт когнитивных нейронаук
Профессиональные интересы
Должности
- Директор центра — Институт когнитивных нейронаук, Центр исследований интеллекта и когнитивного благополучия
- Ведущий научный сотрудник — Институт когнитивных нейронаук, Центр исследований интеллекта и когнитивного благополучия
- Ведущий научный сотрудник — Институт когнитивных нейронаук, Центр нейроэкономики и когнитивных исследований
Био
- · Начал работать в НИУ ВШЭ в 2013 году.
- · Научно-педагогический стаж: 25 лет.
Образование
- 2001 · PhD: Университет Хельсинки
- 1994 · Специалитет: Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, специальность «Физиология», квалификация «Биолог-физиолог»
Опыт работы
- · Yury Shtyrov (Professor, Head of MEG/EEG at the Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University; Visiting Professor/PI at the HSE CDM Centre) has many years of international experience in studying human neurocognitive functions, in particular neurobiological foundations of the human speech and language function. His particular contribution to the science of language has been in uncovering early and automatic stages of language processing and in detailing the time course of spoken language comprehension in the brain. This work has to a large extent contributed to a dramatic change in our understanding of how the brain analyses speech, which has occurred in recent years. It shows how memory traces for linguistic elements in the brain can be probed using objective imaging tools, how they develop with learning, interact on different levels, as well as the interaction between the cognitive systems of language and attention. Most importantly, this work shows that these different processes occur rapidly and in parallel, something that was first met with disbelief but is now becoming generally accepted thanks to this and similar work. We are very pleased to have Prof. Shtyrov as our close collaborator in a range of projects focussed on human mechanisms of comminication, perception and cognitive control using MEG, EEG, TMS, behavioural and other methodologies.
- · 2013–настоящее время Professor - Head of MEG Group MINDLab - Centre for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN) Institute for Clinical Medicine Aarhus University, Denmark
- · 2011–2012: Professor - Director of the Cognitive Brain Research Unit at the IBS - Universityof Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences (IBS), Helsinki, Finland
- · 2007–2013: Senior Scientist (Programme Leader Track) and Head of Magneto- and Electroencephalography (since 2011) - Medical Research Council (MRC), Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit. Cambridge, United Kingdom
- · 2000–2007: Research Associate (Post-Doctoral Research Scientist)
- · 2000-2003: / Senior Investigator Scientist
- · 2003-2007: Since
- · 2006: also MEG Lab Manager - MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit. Cambridge, United Kingdom
- · 1997–2000: Researcher - Cognitive Brain Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki,Finland
- · 1994–1997: Младший научный сотрудник - Отдел физиологии и патологии речи, СПб НИИ Уха, Горла, Носа и Речи. Санкт-Петербург, Россия
Награды и поощрения
- · Благодарственное письмо ректора НИУ ВШЭ (сентябрь 2021)
- · Надбавка за публикацию в журнале из Списка А (и приравненном к нему научном издании) (2025–2026)
- · Надбавка за публикацию в международном рецензируемом научном издании (2021–2022)
Гранты и проекты
- 2015 · AUFF Research Foundation, Denmark, 2014. PI on a 6-month visiting professorship grant, DKK 284 000, 2014-2015.
- 2017 · Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark, 2014. PI on 3-year project grant: Neural Speech Processing as Covert Index of Consciousness in Coma, Vegetative State, and Minimally Conscious Patients. DKK ~1.6 mln (~€ 210 000), 2014-2017.
- 2016 · Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark, 2013. PI on 3-year project grant: Rapid formation of lexical memory circuits in human neocortex. DKK 3 mln (~€ 400 000), 2014-2016.
- — · Pufendorf Institute, Lund, Sweden, 2013. HuMeNs - – Advanced Study Group on neuroscience of knowledge acquisition. Co-applicants: Profs. M. Lindgren, M. Horne, F. Ståhlberg, D Topgaard et al. (Lund U), ~100000 SEK.
- 2017 · Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council & Medical Research Council, UK, 2012. Co-PI on 5-year partnership programme grant: Building capacity in UK clinical MEG research. Co-applicants: Profs K. Singh (U Cardiff), K. Nobre (U Oxford), Dr G. Barnes (UCL) et al. ~£1.3 mln. 2013-2017.
- 2013 · European Commission Tempus IV programme, 2010. Co-PI on a 3.5-year project grant: Postgraduate training network in biotechnology of 3.5-year project grant. Co-applicants: K. Kaila, (Helsinki U)., I. Pavlov (UCL), A. Shestakova (St. Petersburg U.), V. Klucharev (FC Donders) et al. ~€ 1 mln. 2010-2013.
- 2011 · Federal Agency for Science and Innovation, Russian Federation, 2010. PI on a 2-year project grant №02.740.11.5148: Introduction of novel methodologies into science, medicine and education in RF: using magnetoencephalography for mapping brain function. RUB 2 mln. 2010-2011.
- 2014 · Medical Research Council, UK, 2009. PI on 5-year research programme U.1055.04.014.00001.01: Early automaticity of neural language processing: lexical, morphosyntactic and methodological perspectives. ~£1.4 mln. 2009-2014.
- 2011 · GlaxoSmithKline, UK, 2009. Co-PI on a 2-year industrial collaborative research programme: Biomarkers of schizophrenia. PIs: Profs F. Pulvermuller & Y. Shtyrov. £ 150 000, 2009-2011.
- 2016 · Elekta Neuromag Ltd, Sweden-Finland, 2006. Co-PI on a 10-year industrial research collaboration programme: Clinical utility of magnetoencephalography. PIs: Profs F. Pulvermuller, Y. Shtyrov, R. Henson. £ 100 000. 2007-2016.
- 2009 · European Commission Tempus programme, 2005. Co-PI on a 3.5-year project grant. Co-applicants: Drs I. Pavlov (UCL), A. Shestakova (Helsinki U.), O. Pongs (Hamburg U.), V. Klucharev (FC Donders), I. Kanunikov (St. Petersburg U.). € 500 000. 2006-2009.
- 2003 · Finnish Graduate School of Psychology, 1999. Four-year PhD research fellowship, FIM 400 000. 1999-2003.
- 2000 · Cognitive Brain Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Finland, 1998. Two-year research grant, funded by the Finnish Work Environment Fund. Co-applicant: Dr. T. Kujala. FIM 300 000. 1998-2000
- 1999 · University of Helsinki, Finland, 1998. Six-month personal grant. FIM 9 000. 1998-1999
- — · Centre for International Mobility, Finland, 1998. Six-month personal research grant. FIM 36 000
- 1998 · Centre for International Mobility, Finland, 1997. One-year personal research grant. FIM 60 000. 1997-1998.
Конференции (5)
Показать все
- · 2025: CogSci2025 (Сан-Франциско). Доклад: Age-related changes in cognitive flexibility: fMRI meta‐analysis
- · 2018: 24th AMLaP conference, Architectures and Mechanisms of Language Processing (Берлин). Доклад: PERCEPTUAL PRIMING AND SYNTACTIC CHOICE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE: MULTIMODAL STUDY.
- · 2018: 24th AMLaP conference, Architectures and Mechanisms of Language Processing (Берлин). Доклад: PERCEPTUAL PRIMING AND SYNTACTIC CHOICE IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE: MULTIMODAL STUDY.
- · 2017: 5th Polish Eye Tracking Conference (Люблин). Доклад: The role of attention in sentence production: beyond visual modality
- · 2016: 8th Annual Meeting of the Society for the Neurobiology of Language (Лондон). Доклад: The effects of cross-linguistic phonologic and semantic overlap in masked priming paradigm: behavioral and ERP evidence
Идентификаторы исследователя
- ORCID:
0000-0001-7203-4902 - ResearcherID:
I-3421-2013 - Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.ru/citations?user=VqgPbV0AAAAJ&hl=en
- Scopus AuthorID:
6701617874
Публикации (155)
Языковая аттриция: механизмы возникновения, особенности изучения и перспективы дальнейших исследований
2021 · ARTICLE · ru
Данный теоретический обзор посвящен прояснению понятия «языковая аттриция» путем определения феноменологических и контекстуальных особенностей его использования, обсуждения связанных с определением понятия противоречий, а также предложения потенциальных направлений будущих исследований. Обзор начинается с рассмотрения различных подходов к определению феномена аттриции и связанных с этим несоответствий. Затем в работе обсуждаются механизмы, лежащие в основе языковой аттриции, и рассматриваются имеющиеся доказательства, подтверждающие различные исходные гипотезы. В конце обзора нами предпринимается попытка заложить основу для построения единой теоретической основы феномена аттриции, позволяющей обобщить имеющиеся эмпирические данные. Для этого мы предлагаем применить строгий нейробиологический подход к поиску нейронных маркеров языковой аттриции в различных лингвистических областях, выдвигая гипотетические экспериментальные способы выявления нейронных следов аттриции и формулируя прогнозы для каждой из предложенных экспериментальных парадигм.
Behavioral and Neurophysiological Correlates of Orthographic Learning in L1 and L2 Alphabets
2021 · CHAPTER · en
The acquisition of new orthographic representations is a rapid and highly automatic process in monolingual readers. Our study extends existing research to biliterate populations, addressing the impact of phonological inconsistencies across native (L1) and second language (L2) alphabets during orthographic learning. Behavioral and EEG signals were collected from a group of 24 Russian-English biliterates via a reading-aloud task using familiar and novel words repeated across ten consecutive blocks in three Script conditions: (1) native Cyrillic, (2) non-native Roman, and (3) ambiguous (phonologically inconsistent graphemes shared by L1 and L2 alphabets). Linear mixed-effects modelling of both behavioral and ERP data revealed reliable Block x Lexicality x Script interactions, indicating that naming latencies and brain activity changed differently across training blocks for novel and familiar words and, importantly, depending on script presentation. Particularly, novel words presented in the ambiguous script showed longer naming latencies and slower reading automatization than those presented in L1 and L2 alphabets. Nonetheless, despite this interference, their naming latencies matched those of familiar words before the end of the training, suggesting the attribution of their representations in the reader's lexicon. The enhancement of early brain responses observed for these stimuli alongside their training confirmed the improvement in their orthographic analysis and lexical access. Critically, this pattern of results was not found for familiar, already represented words, which exhibited a suppression of their brain activity across repetitions. Overall, our results indicate that phonological inconsistency interferes with novel word encoding but it does not prevent efficient attribution of orthographic representations.
Biliteracy and acquisition of novel written words: the impact of phonological conflict between L1 and L2 scripts
2021 · ARTICLE · en
The acquisition of new orthographic representations is a rapid and accurate process in proficient monolingual readers. The present study used biliterate and bialphabetic population to address the impact of phonological inconsistencies across the native (L1) and second (L2) alphabets. Naming latencies were collected from 50 Russian–English biliterates through a reading-aloud task with familiar and novel word forms repeated across 10 blocks. There were three Script conditions: (1) native Cyrillic, (2) non-native Roman, and (3) Ambiguous (with graphically identical, but phonologically inconsistent graphemes shared by both alphabets). Our analysis revealed the main effect of Script on both reading and orthographic learning: naming latencies during training were longer for the ambiguous stimuli, particularly for the novel ones. Nonetheless, novel word forms in the ambiguous condition approached the latencies for the familiar words along the exposures, although this effect was faster in the phonologically consistent trials. Post-training tests revealed similarly successful performance patterns for previously familiar and newly trained forms, indicating successful rapid acquisition of the latter. Furthermore, we found the highest free recall rates for the ambiguous stimuli. Overall, our results indicate that phonological inconsistency initially interferes with the efficiency of novel word encoding. Nevertheless, it does not prevent efficient attribution of orthographic representations; instead, the knowledge of two distinct alphabets supports a more efficient learning and a better memory for ambiguous stimuli via enhancing their encoding and retrieval.
Attriters and Bilinguals: What’s in a Name?
2021 · ARTICLE · en
The use of language as a universal tool for communication and interaction is the backbone of human society. General sociocultural milieu and specific contextual factors can strongly influence various aspects of linguistic experience, including language acquisition and use and the respective internal neurolinguistic processes. This is particularly relevant in the case of bilingualism, which encompasses a diverse set of linguistic experiences, greatly influenced by societal, cultural, educational, and personal factors. In this perspective piece, we focus on a specific type of linguistic experience: non-pathological first-language (L1) attrition - a phenomenon that is strongly tied to immersion in non-L1 environments. We present our view on what may be the essence of L1 attrition and suggest ways of examining it as a type of bilingual experience,
First Language Attrition: What It Is, What It Isn’t, and What It Can Be
2021 · ARTICLE · en
This review aims at clarifying the concept of first language attrition by tracing its limits, identifying its phenomenological and contextual constraints, discussing controversies associated with its definition, and suggesting potential directions for future research. We start by reviewing different definitions of attrition as well as associated inconsistencies. We then discuss the underlying mechanisms of first language attrition and review available evidence supporting different background hypotheses. Finally, we attempt to provide the groundwork to build a unified theoretical framework allowing for generalizable results. To this end, we suggest the deployment of a rigorous neuroscientific approach, in search of neural markers of first language attrition in different linguistic domains,
Grounding Novel Words Into Emotion: ERP Investigation
2021 · ARTICLE · en
Learning novel words is crucial for efficient communication abilities. While previous research has extensively addressed mechanisms of novel word representation at surface levels, little is known about the formation of new word-forms and corresponding modality-specific representations attributed via perceptual, motor, or emotional systems. In order to address this question, here we recorded EEG in 20 participants while they were trained with 16 novel visual word-forms in association with linguistic and meaningful emotional sounds.
Abstracts and authors of the 8th International Conference on Spatial Cognition: Cognition and Action in a Plurality of Spaces (ICSC 2021)
2021 · ARTICLE · en
Access to time words engage a complex spatial mapping where individual concepts are represented along horizontal, vertical, and sagittal axes. However, most existing studies demonstrate spatial biases in individual time units (i.e., months, days of the week, or hours of the day) using different experimental tasks and paradigms while few studies attempt to compare access to the distinct time concepts within a single study by using a uniform and comparable experimental protocol. Here, we used time units (days, months, hours) with hypothesized left (e.g., Monday) and right (e.g., Saturday) spatial biases in a horizontal line bisection study. We investigated whether horizontal time flow is perceived uniformly across different mea- surement units. Fifty-seven native Russian speakers (37 females, age 21.5 ± 4.1 years) listened to time words before using mouse cursor to indicate where that unit may be located on a horizontal line with extreme points biasing left, right, or central positioning of the pro- cessed word. Task-related reaction times (RTs) and response coordinates were recorded and analyzed using ANOVAs. Our anal- yses revealed (1) direction-congruent shift in participants’ responses (x-coordinates, mouse endpoint) as well as (2) faster RTs in congruent conditions (e.g., left semantic bias ? left position) for all time units. However, a reliable main effect of Unit Type indicated that RTs were graded in the following order: hours \ days \ months. We conclude that while left-to-right mapping of time concepts is relatively uni- versal, the horizontal mapping is stronger for hours and days of the week, as compared to months.
Understanding Language Attrition through Orthography
2021 · ARTICLE · en
The decay in the proficiency of the native language (L1), known as first language attrition, is one of the least understood phenomena associated with the acquisition of a second language (L2). Indeed, the exact cause for the deterioration in L1 performance, be that either the interference from L2 acquisition or the less frequent use of L1, still remains elusive. In this opinion paper, we focus on one largely understudied aspect of L1 attrition—namely, the erosion of the L1 orthographic knowledge under the influence of L2 orthography. In particular, we propose to study differences in orthographic processing between mono- and bilingual populations as an approach, which, in turn, will allow to address both cognitive and neurophysiological mechanisms underlying L1 attrition. We discuss relevant experimental paradigms, variable manipulations and appropriate research methods that may help disentangle the largely debated question of L2 interference vs. L1 disuse, clarifying the nature of the L1 orthographic attrition.
Rapid microstructural plasticity in the cortical semantic network following a short language learning session
2021 · ARTICLE · en
Despite the clear importance of language in our life, our vital ability to quickly and effectively learn new words and meanings is neurobiologically poorly understood. Conventional knowledge maintains that language learning—especially in adulthood—is slow and laborious. Furthermore, its structural basis remains unclear. Even though behavioural manifestations of learning are evident near instantly, previous neuroimaging work across a range of semantic categories has largely studied neural changes associated with months or years of practice. Here, we address rapid neuroanatomical plasticity accompanying new lexicon acquisition, specifically focussing on the learning of action-related language, which has been linked to the brain’s motor systems. Our results show that it is possible to measure and to externally modulate (using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of motor cortex) cortical microanatomic reorganisation after mere minutes of new word learning. Learninginduced microstructural changes, as measured by diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and machine learning-based analysis, were evident in prefrontal, temporal, and parietal neocortical sites, likely reflecting integrative lexico-semantic processing and formation of new memory circuits immediately during the learning tasks. These results suggest a structural basis for the rapid neocortical word encoding mechanism and reveal the causally interactive relationship of modal and associative brain regions in supporting learning and word acquisition.
Functional connectivity of spoken language processing in early-stage Parkinson’s disease: an MEG study
2021 · ARTICLE · en
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, well-known for its motor symptoms; however, it also adversely affects cognitive functions, including language, a highly important human ability. PD pathology is associated, even in the early stage of the disease, with alterations in the functional connectivity within corticosubcortical circuitry of the basal ganglia as well as within cortical networks. Here, we investigated functional cortical connectivity related to spoken language processing in early-stage PD patients. We employed a patientfriendly passive attention-free paradigm to probe neurophysiological correlates of language processing in PD patients without confounds related to active attention and overt motor responses. MEG data were recorded from a group of newly diagnosed PD patients and age-matched healthy controls who were passively presented with spoken word stimuli (action and abstract verbs, as well as grammatically correct and incorrect inflectional forms) while focussing on watching a silent movie. For each of the examined linguistic aspects, a logistic regression classifier was used to classify participants as either PD patients or healthy controls based on functional connectivity within the temporo-fronto-parietal cortical language networks. Classification was successful for action verbs (accuracy = 0.781, p-value = 0.003) and, with lower accuracy, for abstract verbs (accuracy = 0.688, pvalue = 0.041) and incorrectly inflected forms (accuracy = 0.648, p-value = 0.021), but not for correctly inflected forms (accuracy = 0.523, p-value = 0.384). Our findings point to quantifiable differences in functional connectivity within the cortical systems underpinning language processing in newly diagnosed PD patients compared to healthy controls, which arise early, in the absence of clinical evidence of deficits in cognitive or general language functions. The techniques presented here may aid future work on establishing neurolinguistic markers to objectively and noninvasively identify functional changes in the brain’s language networks even before clinical symptoms emerge.
Курсы (0)
Нет курсов.