Бутовская Марина Львовна
Факультет гуманитарных наук
Профессиональные интересы
Должности
- Главный научный сотрудник — Факультет гуманитарных наук, Международный центр антропологии
Био
- · Начала работать в НИУ ВШЭ в 2014 году.
- · Научно-педагогический стаж: 41 год.
Образование
- 2019 · Член-корреспондент РАН
- 2009 · Доктор исторических наук: специальность 03.03.02 «Антропология», тема диссертации: защитила в Институте этнологии и антропологии РАН докторскую диссертацию на тему «Универсальные принципы организации социальных систем у приматов, включая человека».
- 2004 · Ученое звание: Профессор
- 1982 · Специалитет: Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова, специальность «Антропология», квалификация «Биолог»
Опыт работы
- · Изучение эволюционных основ социального поведения человека (моделирование ранних этапов эволюции общества в палеолите по базе моделей сообществ приматов и данных социального поведения африканских охотников-собирателей; выявление генетических составлящих агрессивного поведения человека; кросс-культурные исследования выбора партнера, сексуальной привлекательности, пространственного поведения; выявление экологических факторов, лежащих в основе культурных вкусовых предпочтений пищи и бережного отношения к пищевым продуктам в целом .
- · Применение методов физической антропологии (антропометрия, антропологическое фото), социальной антропологии (включенное наблюдение, углубленне интервью, экспертные оценки, аудиовизуальные методы), этологические методы наблюдения, психологические методы (опросники и экспериментальные тесты)
Награды и поощрения
- · Премия выдающиеся ученые, молодые доктора и кандидаты (январь 2000)
- · Надбавка за академические успехи и вклад в научную репутацию НИУ ВШЭ (2023)
- · Надбавка за публикацию в журнале из Списка А (и приравненном к нему научном издании) (2025–2026, 2024–2025, 2023–2024)
- · Надбавка за публикацию в международном рецензируемом научном издании (2021–2022, 2019–2021, 2018–2019)
Идентификаторы исследователя
- ORCID:
0000-0002-5528-0519 - ResearcherID:
E-2368-2016 - Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.ru/citations?view_op=list_works&hl=ru&user=P483puoAAAAJ
- Scopus AuthorID:
55948267500
Публикации (107)
Approach to resource management and physical strength predict differences in helping: Evidence from two small-scale societies
2020 · ARTICLE · en
Helping behavior is likely to have evolved to increase chances of survival of an individual and their group. Nevertheless, populations differ significantly in their eagerness to help, and little is known about populational and inter-individual determinants of these differences. Previous studies indicated that economic and physiological factors might influence helping behavior. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of approach to resource management of a society (immediate-return economy vs. delayed-return economy), prenatal androgenization (based on second-to-fourth digit ratio), and physical strength (based on hand grip strength) on helping behavior toward others. Helping was assessed in terms of both general eagerness to help and differential helping toward: (1) kin, (2) other group members indiscriminately, (3) friends, and (4) those from whom help was obtained in the past. Based on data collected in two small-scale societies (n = 306), we found that people in the egalitarian immediate-return society (the Hadza hunter-gatherers of Tanzania) displayed helping behavior significantly more often than people in a more stratified delayed-return economy (Yali horticulturalists of Papua). Additionally, our results revealed that physical strength was a significant predictor of helping behavior in women but not in men. We discuss our findings in the light of the adaptive value of helping behavior.
Reasons for Facebook Usage: Data From 46 Countries
2020 · ARTICLE · en
*Реализация соц. сети Facebook запрещена на территории России по основаниям осуществления экстремистской деятельности.
Sex Differences in Mate Preferences Across 45 Countries: A Large-Scale Replication
2020 · ARTICLE · en
Considerable research has examined human mate preferences across cultures, finding universal sex differences in preferences for attractiveness and resources as well as sources of systematic cultural variation. Two competing perspectives—an evolutionary psychological perspective and a biosocial role perspective—offer alternative explanations for these findings. However, the original data on which each perspective relies are decades old, and the literature is fraught with conflicting methods, analyses, results, and conclusions. Using a new 45-country sample (N = 14,399), we attempted to replicate classic studies and test both the evolutionary and biosocial role perspectives. Support for universal sex differences in preferences remains robust: Men, more than women, prefer attractive, young mates, and women, more than men, prefer older mates with financial prospects. Cross-culturally, both sexes have mates closer to their own ages as gender equality increases. Beyond age of partner, neither pathogen prevalence nor gender equality robustly predicted sex differences or preferences across countries.
Subjective Happiness Among Polish and Hadza People
2020 · ARTICLE · en
Life satisfaction and happiness were broadly studied in Western populations, whereas evidence from traditional societies remains surprisingly scarce. We collected data on the happiness from 145 Hadza, and compared it with data obtained from 156 Poles, representing Westernized society. Participants were asked to answer four simple questions from Subjective Happiness Scale (Lyubomirsky and Lepper, 1999). Results indicate that Hadza report a higher level of happiness with their lives than do Polish people. Our findings also show that sex was not related to happiness in both populations, while age was a negative predictor of happiness, but only among Poles. Therefore, we hypothesize that positive perception of aging in societies may increase their actual happiness.
Second-to-fourth digit ratio and facial shape in Buryats of Southern Siberia
2020 · ARTICLE · en
Background: The 2nd-to-4th digit ratio (2D:4D) is a putative predictor of a prenatal exposure to sex hormones. 2D:4D is sexually dimorphic (males Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between facial shape and the 2D:4D in comparison to the pattern of facial sexual dimorphism in Buryats. Subjects: Buryats: 88 men and 80 women aged 20 ± 2 years. Outcome measures: To assess relationship between facial shape and 2D:4D we used a geometric morphometric approach based on standardized full-face frontal photographs and direct measurements of the digit lengths among right-handed individuals. Results: The results revealed that 2D:4D was associated with facial morphology in Buryat men, and to a lesser extent in women. Narrower faces, elongated in the vertical direction, and a narrower lower facial outline, were characteristic of Buryat men with low 2D:4D ratios, which corresponded to the male-like facial shapes in Buryats. Conclusions: In Europeans, such facial features were reported for men with a high 2D:4D, which corresponded more to female-like European facial shapes. Hence, our results show that sex-specific morphogenesis in humans is multidirectional, and that digit ratio is capable of predicting sex-specific facial traits even in populations with differing sexually-dimorphic morphology.
Analysis of Aggressive Behavior in Young Russian Males Using 250 SNP Markers
2020 · ARTICLE · en
Until not so long ago, the main area of genetic studies of aggressive behavior was represented by associative analysis of candidate genes, which were identified according to the relationship of phenotypic manifestations of aggression with the functioning of neuromediator and reproductive systems. Recent years have been marked by development of a new direction of genome-wide associative studies of aggression, which makes it possible to detect new genes that previously were not the object of interest to specialists. The present study is an analysis of aggressive behavior in Russian males living in the Moscow metropolis, using a panel of 250 SNP marker loci. In addition to SNP markers of known candidate genes, the panel contained single base substitutions in genes involved in the development and functioning of the brain, in the processes of neuronal development and synaptic plasticity, and in the formation of interneuronal connections, as well as in genes associated with various brain pathologies. The panel of SNP markers also included control genes that were in no way associated with aggressive behavior or behavior in general. These are primarily housekeeping genes, as well as genes encoding proteins associated with chromatid cohesion, etc. Aggressive behavior was self- assessed using the Bass–Perry and reactive–proactive aggression questionnaires. After applying a number of filters, 35 males were included in the final sample. Fragments containing 250 single-nucleotide polymorphic sites of interest were sequenced on the Ion PGM System using the Ion 318TM Chip. The principal component analysis and clustering based on the Bayesian a posteriori probability did not identify subdivisions in the ana- lyzed sample of Russian males. For each aggression scale, a statistically significant association with a specific set of SNP markers was obtained, and only one polymorphic locus rs1047788 was associated with both phys- ical and reactive aggression. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that most of the identified markers are associated with neuropeptides involved in the development and functioning of the nervous system as a whole and its regeneration and in the development of sections of the brain responsible for stress reactions, regulation of the humoral system, and intercellular signaling. For a number of markers from this set, it was possible to identify possible mechanisms of relationship to behavioral traits. The list of identified genes is as follows: corticotro- pin-releasing hormone, CRH; semenogelin-1 protein, SEMG1; intercellular interaction proteins, LAMC2 and ITGA2; DNA repair endonuclease, ERCC5; cohesin complex protein that provides conjugation of sister chromosomes, ESCO1; transmembrane serine protease, TMPRSS15; apoptosis inhibitor, BIRC5; interferon beta-1, IFNB1; scaffold protein, XRCC1; heat shock protein, HSP90AA1.
Sexual dimorphism in facial shape of modern Buryats of Southern Siberia
2020 в печати · ARTICLE · en
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate sexual dimor- phism in the full facial shape of modern Buryats—people of Southern Siberia of Mongolian origin. Methods: For this purpose, we have used geometric morphometrics based on standardized full-face frontal photographs. This allowed us to assess and visu- alize differences in facial shapes between Buryat men (n = 98) and women (n = 89). To specify the facial areas, where the differences occurred, we have complemented our analysis with standard anthropometric facial parameters based on approximations to the craniofacial and mandibular landmarks and soft-tissue morphology of specific facial areas. Results: Our results revealed that Buryat women have a set of sexually dimor- phic features similar to those reported earlier for other Asian populations (a relatively wider and vertically shorter lower face, more round visible areas of the eyes, relatively narrower noses, smaller mouths, larger [in vertical dimension] foreheads, and relatively thinner upper lips, when compared to Buryat males). At the same time, Buryat women had a specific characteristic, distinguishing them from other world populations—a significantly higher upper face width-to-height ratio (fWHR) compared to males. This indicates that the high fWHR is not a universally male feature in humans, which raises a question of underlying developmental mechanisms. Conclusions: Our results clearly demonstrate that some elements of sexually dimorphic facial shapes may differ across populations with different genetic and ecological backgrounds, and suggest that universal mechanisms of sex- specific facial morphogenesis still need to be clarified in the future.
Sex differences in cooperativeness—An experiment with Buryats in Southern Siberia
2020 · ARTICLE · en
We report on an experimental study that was set up to reveal differences in the tendencies of men and women to cooperate in same-sex interactions. Former studies on this subject were mostly conducted in industrialized modern societies. In contrast, we tested the cooper- ation tendency among Buryats, a people from Southern Siberia of Mongolian origin. All sub- jects participated in (1) one iterated Public Goods Game in a group of four individuals of the same sex and (2) four one-shot Prisoner’s Dilemma games with different partners of the same sex. The interactions were in a face-to-face setting, but any intentional communication during the experiments was prohibited. We found that Buryat men were more cooperative than Buryat women in both types of same-sex interactions. In particular, the fraction of men employing a strategy of unconditional cooperation in the iterated Public Goods Game was much higher (36%) than the fraction of unconditional cooperators among women (21%). In general, the behavior of men was less context dependent than the behavior of women. In both sexes, individuals who were more cooperative in one type of game tended to be more cooperative in the other type of game. Although direct communication was prohibited, the interaction partners in the Prisoner’s Dilemma games employed the same strategy much more frequently than expected by chance. We conclude that, even among strangers, the exchange of subtle signals is sufficient to coordinate strategic decisions.
Fertility and infant survival in men and women from rural regions of Northern Tanzania: gene candidates and sex-specific genetic associations
2020 · ARTICLE · en
Numerous factors, including family planning and modern contraception, disturb the potential associations between the number of children born and genetic factors in modern Western societies. The current progress of medicine and a relatively high level of well-being make it hard to test the association between children’s survival rates and genetic factors in Western societies either. The goal of the current study was to reveal the possible associations between the number of children born and the number of children survived till the age of 5 y. by the time of our study with a set of six genetic polymorphisms associated with serotonin, dopamine, androgen oxytocin behavioral effects; and to test for sex-specific effects of these polymorphisms in a traditional rural sample from Arusha and Singida Districts of Northern Tanzania. The data on 965 healthy individuals (520 men and 415 women) from traditional rural communities with high reproduction profiles were collected. All participants provided information on the number of children born and survived, and other demographic information, as well as buccal epithelium samples for DNA analysis. The data were analyzed using GLM ANCOVA and the APSampler nonparametric methodology. The gene association effects on reproduction and infant survival in men and women were demonstrated. We suggest that sex differences revealed in this study are in line with sexual selection pressure on reproduction and parenting in traditional societies.
The Omnipresent Past. Historical Anthropology of Africa and African Diaspora
2019 · BOOK · en
Contributors to this volume discuss a variety of ways the African past (African history) influences the present-day of Africans on the continent and in diaspora: cultural (historical) memory as a factor of public (mass) consciousness; the impact of the historical past on contemporary political, social, and cultural processes in Africa and African diaspora. This volume is an output of a research project implemented as part of the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE).
Курсы (1)
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Физическая антропология с основами эволюционной антропологии · 3 раза
2024/2025, 2023/2024, 2022/2023 · Майнор · рус