Бутовская Марина Львовна
Факультет гуманитарных наук
Профессиональные интересы
Должности
- Главный научный сотрудник — Факультет гуманитарных наук, Международный центр антропологии
Био
- · Начала работать в НИУ ВШЭ в 2014 году.
- · Научно-педагогический стаж: 41 год.
Образование
- 2019 · Член-корреспондент РАН
- 2009 · Доктор исторических наук: специальность 03.03.02 «Антропология», тема диссертации: защитила в Институте этнологии и антропологии РАН докторскую диссертацию на тему «Универсальные принципы организации социальных систем у приматов, включая человека».
- 2004 · Ученое звание: Профессор
- 1982 · Специалитет: Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова, специальность «Антропология», квалификация «Биолог»
Опыт работы
- · Изучение эволюционных основ социального поведения человека (моделирование ранних этапов эволюции общества в палеолите по базе моделей сообществ приматов и данных социального поведения африканских охотников-собирателей; выявление генетических составлящих агрессивного поведения человека; кросс-культурные исследования выбора партнера, сексуальной привлекательности, пространственного поведения; выявление экологических факторов, лежащих в основе культурных вкусовых предпочтений пищи и бережного отношения к пищевым продуктам в целом .
- · Применение методов физической антропологии (антропометрия, антропологическое фото), социальной антропологии (включенное наблюдение, углубленне интервью, экспертные оценки, аудиовизуальные методы), этологические методы наблюдения, психологические методы (опросники и экспериментальные тесты)
Награды и поощрения
- · Премия выдающиеся ученые, молодые доктора и кандидаты (январь 2000)
- · Надбавка за академические успехи и вклад в научную репутацию НИУ ВШЭ (2023)
- · Надбавка за публикацию в журнале из Списка А (и приравненном к нему научном издании) (2025–2026, 2024–2025, 2023–2024)
- · Надбавка за публикацию в международном рецензируемом научном издании (2021–2022, 2019–2021, 2018–2019)
Идентификаторы исследователя
- ORCID:
0000-0002-5528-0519 - ResearcherID:
E-2368-2016 - Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.ru/citations?view_op=list_works&hl=ru&user=P483puoAAAAJ
- Scopus AuthorID:
55948267500
Публикации (107)
Universality of the Triangular Theory of Love: Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Triangular Love Scale in 25 Countries
2021 · ARTICLE · en
The Triangular Theory of Love (measured with Sternberg’s Triangular Love Scale – STLS) is a prominent theoretical concept in empirical research on love. To expand the culturally homoge- neous body of previous psychometric research regarding the STLS, we conducted a large-scale cross- cultural study with the use of this scale. In total, we examined more than 11,000 respondents, but as a result of applied exclusion criteria, the final analyses were based on a sample of 7332 participants from 25 countries (from all inhabited continents). We tested configural invariance, metric invariance, and scalar invariance, all of which confirmed the cultural universality of the theoretical construct of love analyzed in our study. We also observed that levels of love components differ depending on relationship duration, following the dynamics suggested in the Triangular Theory of Love. Supplementary files with all our data, including results on love intensity across different countries along with STLS versions adapted in a few dozen languages, will further enable more extensive research on the Triangular Theory of Love.
Sex Differences in Spatial Activity and Anxiety Levels in the COVID-19 Pandemic from Evolutionary Perspective
2021 · ARTICLE · en
Despite the enforced lockdown regime in late March 2020 in Russia, the phenomenon of the continued virus spreading highlighted the importance of studies investigating the range of biosocial attributes and spectrum of individual motivations underlying the permanent presence of the substantial level of spatial activity. For this matter, we conducted a set of surveys between March and June 2020 (N = 492). We found that an individual’s health attitude is the most consistent factor explaining mobility differences. However, our data suggested that wariness largely determines adequate health attitudes; hence, a higher level of wariness indirectly reduced individual mobility. Comparative analysis revealed the critical biosocial differences between the two sexes, potentially rooted in the human evolutionary past. Females were predisposed to express more wariness in the face of new environmental risks; therefore, they minimize their mobility and outdoor contacts. In contrast to them, the general level of spatial activity reported by males was significantly higher. Wariness in the males’ sample was less associated with the novel virus threat, but to a great extent, it was predicted by the potential economic losses variable. These findings correspond to the evolutionary predictions of sexual specialization and the division of family roles
Personality, aggression, sensation seeking, and hormonal responses to challenge in Russian alpinists and special operation forces
2021 · ARTICLE · en
Male risk-taking behavior is associated with personality traits and correlates with hormone titers, notably for testosterone (T) and cortisol (C). Yet, these influences may be stronger in some individuals due to context or profession in which risk-taking occurs. We examine this possibility by investigating relationships of personality, aggression, and sensation seeking with T and C together with anthropometric measures in high risk-taking men: Russian alpinists (n = 55) and members of the Russian Special Forces (n = 33). They provided saliva samples before and after viewing a ~5 min video of aggressive male encounters and completed surveys after this task. After viewing the video, T increased in alpinists but decreased in Special Forces, and C increased in Special Forces. Alpinists scored higher than Special Forces in neuroticism and openness whereas Special Forces scored higher than alpinists in extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Verbal aggression, anger, hostility, experience seeking, disinhibition, and boredom susceptibility were higher in alpinists than in Special Forces. Our findings suggest behavioral differences in high risk-taking men, influenced by profession-related individual differences in sensation seeking and hormonal response to challenges.
Predictors of Anxiety in the COVID-19 Pandemic from a Global Perspective: Data from 23 Countries
2021 · ARTICLE · en
Prior and ongoing COVID-19 pandemic restrictions have resulted in substantial changes to everyday life. The pandemic and measures of its control affect mental health negatively. Self-reported data from 15,375 participants from 23 countries were collected from May to August 2020 during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. Two questionnaires measuring anxiety level were used in this study—the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI). The associations between a set of social indicators on anxiety during COVID-19 (e.g., sex, age, country, live alone) were tested as well. Self-reported anxiety during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic varied across countries, with the maximum levels reported for Brazil, Canada, Italy, Iraq and the USA. Sex differences of anxiety levels during COVID-19 were also examined, and results showed women reported higher levels of anxiety compared to men. Overall, our results demonstrated that the self-reported symptoms of anxiety were higher compared to those reported in general before pandemic. We conclude that such cultural dimensions as individualism/collectivism, power distance and looseness/tightness may function as protective adaptive mechanisms against the development of anxiety disorders in a pandemic situation.
Cross-Cultural Perspectives on the Role of Empathy during COVID-19’s First Wave
2021 · ARTICLE · en
The COVID-19 pandemic has spread throughout the world, and concerns about psy- chological, social, and economic consequences are growing rapidly. Individuals’ empathy-based reactions towards others may be an important resilience factor in the face of COVID-19. Self-report data from 15,375 participants across 23 countries were collected from May to August 2020 during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, this study examined different facets of empathy—Perspective-Taking, Empathic Concern, and Personal Distress, and their association with cross-cultural ratings on Individualism, Power Distance, The Human Development Index, Social Support Ranking, and the Infectious Disease Vulnerability Index, as well as the currently confirmed number of cases of COVID-19 at the time of data collection. The highest ratings on Perspective-Taking were obtained for USA, Brazil, Italy, Croatia, and Armenia (from maximum to minimum); on Empa- thetic Concern, for the USA, Brazil, Hungary, Italy, and Indonesia; and on Personal Distress, from Brazil, Turkey, Italy, Armenia, Indonesia. Results also present associations between demographic factors and empathy across countries. Limitations and future directions are presented.
Sex, population origin, age and average digit length as predictors of digit ratio in three large world populations
2021 · ARTICLE · en
Recently, a number of authors have claimed that sexual dimorphism in the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is simply dependent on digit length and is an artifact of allometry. The goal of our study is to verify the validity of these assumptions. The study sample comprised 7,582 individuals (3,802 men and 3,780 women) from three large world populations: Europeans (n = 3043), East Africans (n = 2844), and Central Asians (n = 1695). The lengths of the second and fourth digits on both hands were measured. Digit ratios were computed according to standard procedures. Analyses were conducted separately for each hand for the whole sample and in succession for the three large populations. Additionally, we separately tested four age cohorts (≤ 13, 14–18, 19–30, and 31 ≥ years) to test the effect of developmental allometry. The second and fourth digits showed strong positive linear relationships on both hands, and demonstrated an increase with age; digit length in women from the youngest age cohort was longer or equal to that of men, and shorter than men in older age cohorts. However, the 2D:4D magnitude and its sexual dimorphism remained stable throughout the ontogeny. To test for an allometric effect on 2D:4D, the average digit lengths were calculated. Both sex and population origin were permanent reliable predictors of 2D:4D, whereas average digit length was not. Height was applied as another measure of allometric effect on the limited sample (≤ 30 years) from the European population, along with sex and age. No allometric effect was observed in this case. We conclude that sex differences in 2D:4D are not an artifact of allometry.
Альтруизм и парохиализм у детей и подростков: гендерные и возрастные различия
2021 · ARTICLE · ru
В статье приводятся результаты экспериментального исследования альтруизма и парохиализма среди школьников г. Москвы и Московской области. Склонность к просоциальному поведению у детей оценивалась с помощью экспериментальной методики, разработанной Э. Фером с соавторами и адаптированной нами ранее в экспериментах с детьми народов меру (Танзания). Выборка составила 379 детей и подростков (192 мальчиков и 187 девочек) в возрасте от 7 до 17 лет. Школьники при- нимали решение в шести предложенных дилеммах по трем параметрам — просоциальное поведение,зависть и альтруизм. Цель исследования состояла в выявлении гендерных и возрастных особенно- стей альтруистического и парохиального поведения у детей и подростков из общеобразовательных школ Москвы и Московской области. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о более высоком уровне просоциального поведения при принятии решений по отношению к незнакомым сверстникам у девочек. Кроме того, было обнаружено более значительное влияние возраста, а не пола школьников на принятие ими решения о распределении ресурсов при осуществлении того или иного поведения.Значения показателей уровня альтруизма, как в отношении друзей, так и в отношении незнакомых сверстников, возрастают в соответствии с увеличением возраста школьников. И наконец, результаты анализа полученных данных свидетельствуют о том, что наиболее важным фактором, влияющим на альтруистическое поведение, является принадлежность к собственной группе — парохиализм.
Spatial and Social Behavior of Single and Coupled Individuals of Both Sexes during COVID-19 Lockdown Regime in Russia
2021 · ARTICLE · en
Testing individual motivations for social activity in violation of the mandated lockdown regime is a challenging research topic for evolutionary psychology. To this purpose, we analyzed twenty popular weekly routes and the potential impact of sex and relationship status (single versus coupled) on the reported level of spatial-social activity during the quarantine in Russia between March and June 2020 (N = 492). Our study revealed a significant difference between men’s and women’s mobility: men, in general, tend to exhibit substantially higher spatial activity. The results have shown that individuals living on their own have more social interactions with friends and exhibit more profound spatial mobility via public transport. On the other hand, spatial activity of coupled individuals of both sexes were mostly devoted to solving a list of economic and matrimonial tasks. At the same time, men already cohabiting with a partner leave their homes for dating purposes more frequently than single men and women. We interpret these findings in the sense that both individual and sex-specific differences in observed sociality could be a result of a fine-tuned adaptive populational response to a contemporary virus threat, predominantly rooted in the evolution of behavioral strategies in the reproductive and economic spheres of each sex. Indeed, unlike women, coupled men have been preserving highly risky and intense social behavior during the COVID- 19 pandemic.
Universality of the triangular theory of love: adaptation and psychometric properties of the triangular love scale in 25 countries
2021 · ARTICLE · en
The Triangular Theory of Love (measured with Sternberg’s Triangular Love Scale – STLS) is a prominent theoretical concept in empirical research on love. To expand the culturally homogeneous body of previous psychometric research regarding the STLS, we conducted a large-scale cross-cultural study with the use of this scale. In total, we examined more than 11,000 respondents, but as a result of applied exclusion criteria, the final analyses were based on a sample of 7332 participants from 25 countries (from all inhabited continents). We tested configural invariance, metric invariance, and scalar invariance, all of which confirmed the cultural universality of the theoretical construct of love analyzed in our study. We also observed that levels of love components differ depending on relationship duration, following the dynamics suggested in the Triangular Theory of Love. Supplementary files with all our data, including results on love intensity across different countries along with STLS versions adapted in a few dozen languages, will further enable more extensive research on the Triangular Theory of Love.
Affective Interpersonal Touch in Close Relationships: A Cross-Cultural Perspective
2021 · ARTICLE · en
Interpersonal touch behavior differs across cultures, yet no study to date has systematically tested for cultural variation in affective touch, nor examined the factors that might account for this variability. Here, over 14,000 individuals from 45 countries were asked whether they embraced, stroked, kissed, or hugged their partner, friends, and youngest child during the week preceding the study. We then examined a range of hypothesized individual-level factors (sex, age, parasitic history, conservatism, religiosity, and preferred interpersonal distance) and cultural-level factors (regional temperature, parasite stress, regional conservatism, collectivism, and religiosity) in predicting these affective-touching behaviors. Our results indicate that affective touch was most prevalent in relationships with partners and children, and its diversity was relatively higher in warmer, less conservative, and religious countries, and among younger, female, and liberal people. This research allows for a broad and integrated view of the bases of cross-cultural variability in affective touch.
Курсы (1)
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Физическая антропология с основами эволюционной антропологии · 3 раза
2024/2025, 2023/2024, 2022/2023 · Майнор · рус