Бутовская Марина Львовна
Факультет гуманитарных наук
Профессиональные интересы
Должности
- Главный научный сотрудник — Факультет гуманитарных наук, Международный центр антропологии
Био
- · Начала работать в НИУ ВШЭ в 2014 году.
- · Научно-педагогический стаж: 41 год.
Образование
- 2019 · Член-корреспондент РАН
- 2009 · Доктор исторических наук: специальность 03.03.02 «Антропология», тема диссертации: защитила в Институте этнологии и антропологии РАН докторскую диссертацию на тему «Универсальные принципы организации социальных систем у приматов, включая человека».
- 2004 · Ученое звание: Профессор
- 1982 · Специалитет: Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова, специальность «Антропология», квалификация «Биолог»
Опыт работы
- · Изучение эволюционных основ социального поведения человека (моделирование ранних этапов эволюции общества в палеолите по базе моделей сообществ приматов и данных социального поведения африканских охотников-собирателей; выявление генетических составлящих агрессивного поведения человека; кросс-культурные исследования выбора партнера, сексуальной привлекательности, пространственного поведения; выявление экологических факторов, лежащих в основе культурных вкусовых предпочтений пищи и бережного отношения к пищевым продуктам в целом .
- · Применение методов физической антропологии (антропометрия, антропологическое фото), социальной антропологии (включенное наблюдение, углубленне интервью, экспертные оценки, аудиовизуальные методы), этологические методы наблюдения, психологические методы (опросники и экспериментальные тесты)
Награды и поощрения
- · Премия выдающиеся ученые, молодые доктора и кандидаты (январь 2000)
- · Надбавка за академические успехи и вклад в научную репутацию НИУ ВШЭ (2023)
- · Надбавка за публикацию в журнале из Списка А (и приравненном к нему научном издании) (2025–2026, 2024–2025, 2023–2024)
- · Надбавка за публикацию в международном рецензируемом научном издании (2021–2022, 2019–2021, 2018–2019)
Идентификаторы исследователя
- ORCID:
0000-0002-5528-0519 - ResearcherID:
E-2368-2016 - Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.ru/citations?view_op=list_works&hl=ru&user=P483puoAAAAJ
- Scopus AuthorID:
55948267500
Публикации (107)
Principles and Forms of Sociocultural Organization: Historical Contexts of Interaction
2026 · BOOK · en
Edited research collection One paragraph description of the project’s scope and content Societies are systems composed of a great number of various social institutions. Societies change as a result of emergence, transformation, and interaction of institutions. As systems of social institutions, societies have a fundamental characteristic that can be called a “basic principle of societal organization.” The principle of organization a society embodies depends on the way its institutions are arranged with respect to one another. Two basic principles can be distinguished: heterarchical, at which institutions interact being unranked with respect to one another or can be ranked in different ways, and the opposite principle, homoarchical, at which institutions interact being rigidly ranked in the only way and have no or very limited potential for being unranked or ranked in other ways. Societies of the same level of overall cultural complexity and with the same basic principle of organization can take different specific forms, as alternativeness exists not only between but also within the heterarchical and homoarchical macrogroups of societies. The division of societies into predominantly heterarchical and homoarchical is a constant fact of human sociocultural history. The dichotomy of heterarchy and homoarchy has considerably determined the non-linear and alternative nature of the global sociocultural process. This book examines the varied modes of interaction between societies shaped by different organizational principles, in a variety of historical and regional contexts.
A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Brazilian, Russian, and American Families
2025 · ARTICLE · en
Inclusive fitness theory postulates that preferentially provisioning offspring that most closely resemble the parents can indirectly increase their gene-copying success, with phenotypic resemblance between (allo)parent and offspring acting as an indicator of genetic similarity. According to this prediction, the amount of alloparental effort should correlate with parent-offspring resemblance cues, and this effect should be more pronounced for fathers and paternal kin, as paternity certainty is concerned predominantly with men. We tested these predictions and conducted an online survey in 2019 in Brazil (N = 605), Russia (N = 302), and the USA (N = 308). By examining the relationship between parent-child resemblance and kin altruism, we have uncovered a widespread positive correlation between parent-child resemblance and the willingness of parents and grandparents to provide care. For example, the more a child resembles their father, the more parents and grandparents are likely to provide support. Similarly, the resemblance between a mother and child is positively associated with (allo)parental effort. At the same time, greater similarity between father and child can actually discourage matrilineal grandparents from providing childcare. In this respect, our data challenge the conventional viewpoint that paternity uncertainty and father-child similarity cues are the driving force behind paternal kin investments, but not maternal ones. Our results suggest that a more general kin recognition mechanism is at play, one that is shared by both matrilineal and patrilineal relatives in modern societies. One possible explanation is that in the context of the extended family, mothers and maternal relatives, as primary caregivers, may be particularly sensitive to key phenotypic traits of dependent children. In the resulting model a sufficient cross-cultural difference emerges when examining the degree of assistance provided by different (allo)parents across the studied samples. For instance, American respondents highlighted a significant level of paternal involvement in childcare, while Russian respondents noted a high level of maternal kin assistance. In contrast, the Brazilian sample exhibited relatively low levels of kin involvement. The divergent paths of these countries raise important questions about the future of family structures and the role of kinship in shaping them. The highly urbanized Brazilian sample may provide valuable insights into possible future directions in family structure and the role of alloparental care within it. We propose that Brazil's high social integration and family member's incorporation into expanded social networks may contribute to the development of a communal model of breeding, marked by ultra-social or eusocial childcare practices. Will the Russian and American models of family follow the same ultra-social path as the Brazilian one? Or will Russian and US families maintain a distinct approach to childcare in a world influenced by globalization? We suppose that further field work on alloparental care in the Latin American region is essential to shed light on this important topic, and to uncover the answers to these intriguing questions.
Facial shapes in Frankfurt Horizontal and natural head positions: a methodological study
2025 · ARTICLE · en
Background: Head orientation during photography can distort facial shape, but this is rarely considered in cross-population studies focusing on facial morphology and its perception. Aim: To assess how head positioning (Frankfurt Horizontal [FH] vs. natural position [NP]) affects facial shape and trait perception across two ethnic populations. Subjects and methods: Facial photographs were collected from Buryats of Mongolian descent (N = 148) and Russians of European descent (N = 155). Geometric morphometrics were used to compare the facial shapes in the FH and NP positions. Independent rater groups with similar population origins, Kalmyks (N = 162) and Russians (N = 242), evaluated perceived aggressiveness and attractiveness based on these portraits. Results: Head orientation significantly altered facial shape, particularly among the Buryat group. Despite the larger facial sexual dimorphism in the Buryat group, sex differences were more pronounced in FH across both samples. Correlations between facial shape and body metrics (height, Body Mass Index, and body fat mass) were stronger in FH. Ratings of male aggressiveness and female attractiveness were consistently influenced by head position across both rater populations and sexes. Conclusion: Head positioning introduces systematic bias into facial shape analysis and perception. Failure to control for this factor may compromise study comparability and distort meta-analytic findings.
Представления студентов об отцовском вкладе (данные по 10 регионам России)
2025 · ARTICLE · ru
Современные исследования родительства не только указывают на равную значимость материнской и отцовской заботы, но и выделяют специфическое влияние отцов как ключевой источник благополучия семьи и положительных результатов развития ребенка. Цель исследования - сравнительная оценка представлений об отцовском вкладе у молодежи из 10 регионов России, выявление факторов, ассоциированных с отцовским поведением. Общая выборка составила 3 174 человека и была собрана среди студентов различных вузов из 10 регионов России. В работе была использована короткая версия опросника «Отцовская забота» и шкала экономических параметров из опросника «Ранние средовые влияния». На большой выборке из 10 регионов России показаны региональные отличия видов отцовской заботы. Основными факторами, повышающими отцовские инвестиции в заботу и воспитание детей, были: наличие полной семьи, религиозная принадлежность, образование отца, семейный достаток, количество детей в семье. Исследование демонстрирует значимость отцовской роли в современных популяциях и выявляет региональные различия в отцовской заботе и участии в воспитании детей. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.
Parental Effort in Students’ Perceptions: A Cross-Cultural Study of 16 countries
2025 · ARTICLE · en
The pathways through which paternal involvement in child-rearing manifests, as well as its subsequent impact on child development, are diverse and influenced by a complex interplay of individual, social, cultural, economic, and environmental variables. Cultural values and societal perceptions of what is desirable or undesirable significantly shape parental practices, as well as the quality of children’s socialization and the values they internalize. This study aims to conduct a cross-cultural comparative assessment of attitudes toward paternal effort among youth from sixteen countries and to identify factors associated with paternal behaviour. To achieve this, data were collected using a standardized methodology across sixteen nations characterized by varying cultural contexts and religious affiliation and beliefs. We used pool of questionnaires: A short version of the Parental Effort Scale, Attitudes toward Women Scale and Economic Evaluation Questionnaire. Our cross-cultural investigation into children’s perceptions of paternal care conducted in 16 countries (total sample of 10,009 participants), revealed the influence of multiple factors. There include cultural norms and traditions (e.g. the country of study, religion, gender equality) and socio-economic factors (e.g. family status, socioeconomic standing, number of children in the household). In our study, religion emerged as the most prominent cultural determinant. However, socioeconomic factors had a more substantial impact on respondents’ self-reported levels of paternal involvement. All findings are presented in a cross-cultural comparative framework.
Nutritional condition and nutrient intake predict moral condemnation of food wasting
2024 · ARTICLE · en
People believe that food wasting behaviour is immoral. This judgment could be partially driven by increasing awareness of global environmental threats associated with the current scale of food waste. Recent research indicates that moral judgments of food wasting behaviour may also reflect higher levels of food insecurity— potentially serving an adaptive role in harsh environments. In our research, we tested this hypothesis at both the population and individual levels. The study was conducted among individuals from subsistenceeconomy populations: the Hadza hunter-gatherers (n = 72) and the Datoga pastoralists (n = 70), where levels of food insecurity are higher than in industrialised populations. To infer about food insecurity at the individual level, we analysed body composition, muscle strength, and nutrient intake. We found that individuals who had lower levels of muscle strength and those who consumed less calorie-dense foods judged food wasting behaviour as more immoral. These findings show that food wasting moral judgments reflect the short-term nutritional condition and current nutrient intake. We also found that individuals with greater muscle mass—likely shaped by activities associated with food provisioning—judged food-wasting behaviour as more immoral. The study supports the idea that food wasting moral judgments are shaped by food insecurity and points to some novel social factors that may also influence these judgments.
Принципы и формы социокультурной организации: исторические контексты взаимодействия
2024 · BOOK · ru
Коллективная монография посвящена важным аспектам фундаментальной для общественных и гуманитарных наук проблеме исторического многообразия форм социокультурной организации. Ее теоретической основой является концепции гетерархии и гомоархии, активно разрабатывающиеся в отечественной и зарубежной науке. Гетерархия и гомоархия рассматриваются как проходящие через всю историю человечества фундаментальные принципы социокультурной организации, определяющим образом влияющие на формы, в которые социокультурная организация облекается в конкретных обществах, и проявляющиеся в том числе во взаимодействии гетерархических и гомоархических начал в отдельных обществах и во взаимоотношениях между в целом преимущественно гетерархическими и гомоархическими обществами. Фундаментальные теоретические проблемы исследуются на весьма обширном и разнообразном конкретном материале.
Associations between 2D:4D from direct and radiographic measurements with handgrip strength in young adult Tuvans
2024 · ARTICLE · en
Background: Digit ratio (2D:4D) – the relative lengths of the index and ring finger – is sexually dimorphic (male female), possibly because of the sex-differentiated impact of prenatal androgenization on fetal development in the 1st trimester. The sex difference remains stable with age and has been reported in children, adolescents, and adults from industrialized and non-industrialized societies. Handgrip strength (HGS) also is sexually dimorphic (males > females) and correlates negatively with 2D:4D. Aims: To examine in a sample of young adult Tuvans from Siberia (Russian Federation): i) the association between 2D:4D measured directly from the palms with 2D:4D measured from radiographic images of the same individuals and ii) the associations between 2D:4D and HGS in Tuvan men and women. Study design and subjects: The study was cross-sectional. Participants were Tuvans (n = 185; 80 men; mean age = 21.02 years). 2D:4D was measured with a caliper from the ventral surface of the palm (both hands) and from radiographic images (left hand). HGS of both hands was measured with a digital hand dynamometer. Body height and weight were measured with an anthropometer and a body composition scale. Results: 2D:4D ratios and anthropometric measures (including HGS) were sexually dimorphic. Men had lower 2D:4D and higher HGS than women. Direct measures of 2D:4D correlated positively with 2D:4D measured from radiographs. Body mass index (BMI) was a significant predictor of HGS for both sexes. Male right 2D:4D and female right and left 2D:4D correlated negatively with HGS after controlling for the influence of BMI. There were no associations with radiographic measurements of 2D:4D. Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence of sexual dimorphism in 2D:4D among young adult Tuvans. Together with previous research on Tuvan children and adolescents, these findings provide clear evidence of 2D:4D sexual dimorphism in pre- and postpubertal Tuvans. The small negative association between 2D:4D and HGS corresponds to similar reports across populations, suggesting that 2D:4D is a weak correlate of muscular fitness.
Cross-cultural perception of strength, attractiveness, aggressiveness and helpfulness of Maasai male faces calibrated to handgrip strength
2024 · ARTICLE · en
Previous research has demonstrated that Maasai and Europeans tend to align in their ratings of the physical strength and aggressiveness of Maasai male faces, calibrated to hand grip strength (HGS). However, perceptions of attractiveness of these faces differed among populations. In this study, three morphs of young Maasai men created by means of geometric morphometrics, and depicting the average sample and two extrema (± 4 SD of HGS), were assessed by men and women from Tanzania, Czech Republic, Russia, Pakistan, China, and Mexico (total sample = 1540). The aim of this study was to test cross-cultural differences in the perception of young Maasai men’s composites calibrated to HGS, focusing on four traits: physical strength, attractiveness, aggressiveness, and helpfulness. Individuals from all six cultures were able to distinguish between low, medium, and high HGS portraits. Across all study populations, portrait of Maasai men with lower HGS was perceived as less attractive, more aggressive, and less helpful. This suggests that people from diverse populations share similar perceptions of physical strength based on facial shape, as well as attribute similar social qualities like aggressiveness and helpfulness to these facial images. Participants from all samples rated the composite image of weak Maasai men as the least attractive.
Global Evolutionary Perspectives on Gender Differences in Religiosity, Family, Politics and Pro-Social Values Based on the Data from the World Values Survey
2024 · ARTICLE · en
Recent studies show that the global increase in gender equality does not reduce gender differences in values. These findings somewhat undermine the social role theory and increase the need for additional explanations. These findings also imply that gender differences in values may stem from some underlying universalities that persist even through changes associated with socio-economic development. This gives us reason to explore an evolutionary perspective on gender differences in values. We discuss evolutionary mechanisms that could underlie certain universal gender differences in values, and then test whether these differences are truly universal across the world (we use data from World Values Survey to search for empirical support for our evolutionary hypotheses). We provide evidence for the global scale of gender differences in religiosity, family values, political values, and pro-social values through our calculations.
Курсы (1)
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Физическая антропология с основами эволюционной антропологии · 3 раза
2024/2025, 2023/2024, 2022/2023 · Майнор · рус