Мячиков Андрей Викторович
Институт когнитивных нейронаук
Профессиональные интересы
Должности
- Ведущий научный сотрудник — Институт когнитивных нейронаук, Центр исследований интеллекта и когнитивного благополучия
Био
- · Начал работать в НИУ ВШЭ в 2014 году.
- · Научно-педагогический стаж: 11 лет.
Образование
- 2007 · PhD: Университет Глазго, специальность 19.00.01 «Общая психология, психология личности, история психологии»
- 2004 · Магистратура: Университет Орегона, факультет: Психологии, специальность «Психология», квалификация «Магистр наук»
Опыт работы
- · 2014: Ведущий научный сотрудник НИУ ВШЭ с года
Награды и поощрения
- · Благодарственное письмо ректора НИУ ВШЭ (сентябрь 2021)
Гранты и проекты
- — · на соискание учёной степени кандидата наук
Конференции (5)
Показать все
- · 2025: CogSci2025 (Сан-Франциско). Доклад: Age-related changes in cognitive flexibility: fMRI meta‐analysis
- · 2018: 24th AMLaP conference, Architectures and Mechanisms of Language Processing (Берлин). Доклад: PERCEPTUAL PRIMING AND SYNTACTIC CHOICE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE: MULTIMODAL STUDY.
- · 2018: 24th AMLaP conference, Architectures and Mechanisms of Language Processing (Берлин). Доклад: PERCEPTUAL PRIMING AND SYNTACTIC CHOICE IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE: MULTIMODAL STUDY.
- · 2017: 5th Polish Eye Tracking Conference (Люблин). Доклад: The role of attention in sentence production: beyond visual modality
- · 2015: Cognition, Computation, Communication, and Perception: Theoretical and Neurobiological Bases of Higher Cognitive Functions (CCCP-2)”. (Москва). Доклад: Sensorimotor simulations of abstract and concrete knowledge representations.
Идентификаторы исследователя
- ORCID:
0000-0002-1489-8582 - ResearcherID:
A-7533-2012 - SPIN РИНЦ:
9025-2062 - Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.ru/citations?user=MJ2I2NsAAAAJ&hl=ru
- Scopus AuthorID:
10041512100
Публикации (94)
Automatic Lexical Access in Visual Modality: Eye-Tracking Evidence
2018 · ARTICLE · en
Language processing has been suggested to be partially automatic, with some studies suggesting full automaticity and attention independence of at least early neural stages of language comprehension, in particular, lexical access. Existing neurophysiological evidence has demonstrated early lexically specific brain responses (enhanced activation for real words) to orthographic stimuli presented parafoveally even under the condition of withdrawn attention. These studies, however, did not control participants’ eye movements leaving a possibility that they may have foveated the stimuli, leading to overt processing. To address this caveat, we recorded eye movements to words, pseudowords, and non-words presented parafoveally for a short duration while participants performed a dual non-linguistic feature detection task (color combination) foveally, in the focus of their visual attention. Our results revealed very few saccades to the orthographic stimuli or even to their previous locations. However, analysis of post-experimental recall and recognition performance showed above-chance memory performance for the linguistic stimuli. These results suggest that partial lexical access may indeed take place in the presence of an unrelated demanding task and in the absence of overt attention to the linguistic stimuli. As such, our data further inform automatic and largely attention-independent theories of lexical access.
Testing the Efforts Model of Simultaneous Interpreting: An ERP Study
2018 · ARTICLE · en
We utilized the event-related potential (ERP) technique to study neural activity associated with different levels of working memory (WM) load during simultaneous interpretation (SI) of continuous prose. The amplitude of N1 and P1 components elicited by task-irrelevant tone probes was significantly modulated as a function of WM load but not the direction of interpretation. Furthermore, the latency of the P1 increased significantly with WM load. The WM load effect on N1 latency, however, did not reach significance. Larger negativity under lower WM loads suggests that more attention is available to process the source message, providing the first electrophysiological evidence in support of the Efforts Model of SI. Relationships between the direction of interpretation and median WM load are also discussed.
Neurocognitive Aspects of Language Function and Use
2018 в печати · ARTICLE · en
Special Theme of the Issue. Neurocognitive Aspects of Language Function and Use
Neurocognitive Aspects of Language Function and Use
2018 · ARTICLE · en
Special Theme of the Issue. Neurocognitive Aspects of Language Function and Use
Selective Social Context-Dependent Role of the Left Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Communication Exchanges
2018 · CHAPTER · en
Previous research showed that under uncertainty (when we are not sure about what the correct answer is) in informal contexts such as chatting with friends, we tend to provide any retrieved information indiscriminately. However, in more formal contexts, like a job interview, we apply a more conservative threshold and balance reporting some information while withholding other answers as a way to provide some information while keeping the accuracy high, if possible. The left medial prefrontal cortex (lmPFC) was suggested as one of the areas linked with self-referential processing in metacognitive decisions. In the present research, we used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to assess the involvement of the lmPFC in two different types of social contexts: formal and informal. Three groups of participants were exposed for 15 minutes to an offline 1-Hz rTMS stimulation of either: (1) lmPFC, (2) control site (rmPFC) or (3) sham (placebo stimulation). Afterwards, participants answered difficult general knowledge questions and rated their confidence in the correctness of their answers. Finally, they decided if they would report or withhold those answers in a formal (job interview) and in informal (chatting with friends) contexts. There were significantly more reported than withheld answers in the informal context for all three groups. However, in the formal context, there were more withheld than reported answers in the lmPFC group, with no differences in the other two groups. No differences in confidence ratings between groups were found. These results suggest a selective involvement of the lmPFC in self-monitoring in formal contexts; its inhibition seems to highlight the need of accuracy in our answers in a job interview over the socially more acceptable behaviour of always providing an answer when asked.
The role of executive control in the activation of manual affordances
2017 · ARTICLE · en
We investigated the role of executive control processes in the activation of manual affordances in two experiments combining stimulus–response compatibility (SRC) and dual-task paradigms. We registered an inverse SRC effect in the presence of a parallel backward-counting task in Experiment 1, and a cancellation of the SRC effect in Experiment 2 when a parallel Stroop-like task was used. We interpret our data as supporting a self-inhibition account of the affordance activation control. Accordingly, the role of executive processes is to prevent self-inhibition in supraliminal conditions: when cognitive resources are depleted by a parallel task, the self-inhibition mechanism becomes active and irrelevantly potentiated affordances are inhibited, leading to the emergence of an inverse SRC effect. In addition, the difference between data patterns observed in the two experiments suggests that the exact roles of the executive processes involved during the activation of affordances may differ. The results suggest a mechanism for action-related activation monitoring based on a flexible control over automatically potentiated actions. The paper discusses the proposed mechanism in detail and outlines further research directions.
Attention and memory play different roles in syntactic choice during sentence production.
2017 в печати · ARTICLE · en
Attentional control of referential information is an important contributor to the structure of discourse (Sanford, 2001; Sanford & Garrod, 1981). We investigated how attention and memory interplay during visually situated sentence production. We manipulated speakers’ attention to the agent or the patient of a described event by means of a referential or a dot visual cue (Posner, 1980). We also manipulated whether the cue was implicit or explicit by varying its duration (70 ms versus 700 ms). Participants used passive voice more often when their attention was directed to the patient’s location, regardless of whether the cue duration. This effect was stronger when the cue was explicit rather than implicit, especially for passive-voice sentences. Analysis of sentence onset latencies showed a divergent pattern: Latencies were shorter (1) when the agent was cued, (2) when the cue was explicit and (3) when the (explicit) cue was referential; (1) and (2) indicate facilitated sentence planning when the cue supports a canonical (active voice) sentence frame and when speakers had more time to plan their sentences; (3) suggests that sentence planning was sensitive to whether the cue was informative with regard to the cued referent. We propose that differences between production likelihoods and production latencies indicate distinct contributions from attentional focus and memorial activation to sentence planning: While the former partly predicts syntactic choice, the latter facilitates syntactic assembly (i.e., initiating overt sentence generation).
Роль системы внимания в порождении речи
2017 · ARTICLE · ru
В статье представлен обзор экспериментальных исследований, рассматривающих роль системы внимания говорящего при выборе синтаксической структуры предложения и порядка слов в ней. В процессе порождения предложения, говорящий отражает параметры описываемого события посредством селекции соответствующих языковых единиц – так называемое картирование воспринимаемой информации языковыми средствами. При этом говорящий имеет возможность выбора между различными синтаксическими структурами, порядком слов и выбором лексики. Этот выбор не является случайным - он отражает постоянно меняющуюся «салиентность» или выделенность составляющих события, которые привлекают внимание говорящего или являются для него более важными. Таким образом, наша статья предлагает обзор существующих теоритических взглядов на взаимодействие системы внимания с механизмом порождения предложения и соответствующих экспериментальных исследований на основе языков с различной гибкостью порядка слов.
Primary motor cortex functionally contributes to language comprehension: An online rTMS study.
2017 · ARTICLE · en
Among various questions pertinent to grounding human cognitive functions in a neurobiological substrate, the association between language and motor brain structures is a particularly debated one in neuroscience and psychology. While many studies support a broadly distributed model of language and semantics grounded, among other things, in the general modality-specific systems, theories disagree as to whether motor and sensory cortex activity observed during language processing is functional or epiphenomenal. Here, we assessed the role of motor areas in linguistic processing by investigating the responses of 28 healthy volunteers to different word types in semantic and lexical decision tasks, following repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of primary motor cortex. We found that early rTMS (delivered within 200ms of word onset) produces a left-lateralised and meaning-specific change in reaction speed, slowing down behavioural responses to action-related words, and facilitating abstract words - an effect present only during semantic, but not lexical, decision. We interpret these data in light of action-perception theory of language, bolstering the claim that motor cortical areas play a functional role in language comprehension.
Cross-representational interactions: Interface and overlap mechanisms
2017 · ARTICLE · en
A crucial question facing cognitive science concerns the nature of conceptual representations as well as the constraints on the interactions between them. One specific question we address in this paper is what makes cross-representational interplay possible? We offer two distinct theoretical scenarios: according to the first scenario, co-activated knowledge representations interact with the help of an interface established between them via congruent activation in a mediating third-party general cognitive mechanism, e.g., attention. According to the second scenario, co-activated knowledge representations interact due to an overlap between their features, for example when they share a magnitude component. First, we make a case for cross-representational interplay based on grounded and situated theories of cognition. Second, we discuss interface-based interactions between distinct (i.e., non-overlapping) knowledge representations. Third, we discuss how co-activated representations may share their architecture via partial overlap. Finally, we outline constraints regarding the flexibility of these proposed mechanisms.
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