Штыров Юрий Юрьевич
Институт когнитивных нейронаук
Профессиональные интересы
Должности
- Директор центра — Институт когнитивных нейронаук, Центр исследований интеллекта и когнитивного благополучия
- Ведущий научный сотрудник — Институт когнитивных нейронаук, Центр исследований интеллекта и когнитивного благополучия
- Ведущий научный сотрудник — Институт когнитивных нейронаук, Центр нейроэкономики и когнитивных исследований
Био
- · Начал работать в НИУ ВШЭ в 2013 году.
- · Научно-педагогический стаж: 25 лет.
Образование
- 2001 · PhD: Университет Хельсинки
- 1994 · Специалитет: Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, специальность «Физиология», квалификация «Биолог-физиолог»
Опыт работы
- · Yury Shtyrov (Professor, Head of MEG/EEG at the Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University; Visiting Professor/PI at the HSE CDM Centre) has many years of international experience in studying human neurocognitive functions, in particular neurobiological foundations of the human speech and language function. His particular contribution to the science of language has been in uncovering early and automatic stages of language processing and in detailing the time course of spoken language comprehension in the brain. This work has to a large extent contributed to a dramatic change in our understanding of how the brain analyses speech, which has occurred in recent years. It shows how memory traces for linguistic elements in the brain can be probed using objective imaging tools, how they develop with learning, interact on different levels, as well as the interaction between the cognitive systems of language and attention. Most importantly, this work shows that these different processes occur rapidly and in parallel, something that was first met with disbelief but is now becoming generally accepted thanks to this and similar work. We are very pleased to have Prof. Shtyrov as our close collaborator in a range of projects focussed on human mechanisms of comminication, perception and cognitive control using MEG, EEG, TMS, behavioural and other methodologies.
- · 2013–настоящее время Professor - Head of MEG Group MINDLab - Centre for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN) Institute for Clinical Medicine Aarhus University, Denmark
- · 2011–2012: Professor - Director of the Cognitive Brain Research Unit at the IBS - Universityof Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences (IBS), Helsinki, Finland
- · 2007–2013: Senior Scientist (Programme Leader Track) and Head of Magneto- and Electroencephalography (since 2011) - Medical Research Council (MRC), Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit. Cambridge, United Kingdom
- · 2000–2007: Research Associate (Post-Doctoral Research Scientist)
- · 2000-2003: / Senior Investigator Scientist
- · 2003-2007: Since
- · 2006: also MEG Lab Manager - MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit. Cambridge, United Kingdom
- · 1997–2000: Researcher - Cognitive Brain Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki,Finland
- · 1994–1997: Младший научный сотрудник - Отдел физиологии и патологии речи, СПб НИИ Уха, Горла, Носа и Речи. Санкт-Петербург, Россия
Награды и поощрения
- · Благодарственное письмо ректора НИУ ВШЭ (сентябрь 2021)
- · Надбавка за публикацию в журнале из Списка А (и приравненном к нему научном издании) (2025–2026)
- · Надбавка за публикацию в международном рецензируемом научном издании (2021–2022)
Гранты и проекты
- 2015 · AUFF Research Foundation, Denmark, 2014. PI on a 6-month visiting professorship grant, DKK 284 000, 2014-2015.
- 2017 · Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark, 2014. PI on 3-year project grant: Neural Speech Processing as Covert Index of Consciousness in Coma, Vegetative State, and Minimally Conscious Patients. DKK ~1.6 mln (~€ 210 000), 2014-2017.
- 2016 · Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark, 2013. PI on 3-year project grant: Rapid formation of lexical memory circuits in human neocortex. DKK 3 mln (~€ 400 000), 2014-2016.
- — · Pufendorf Institute, Lund, Sweden, 2013. HuMeNs - – Advanced Study Group on neuroscience of knowledge acquisition. Co-applicants: Profs. M. Lindgren, M. Horne, F. Ståhlberg, D Topgaard et al. (Lund U), ~100000 SEK.
- 2017 · Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council & Medical Research Council, UK, 2012. Co-PI on 5-year partnership programme grant: Building capacity in UK clinical MEG research. Co-applicants: Profs K. Singh (U Cardiff), K. Nobre (U Oxford), Dr G. Barnes (UCL) et al. ~£1.3 mln. 2013-2017.
- 2013 · European Commission Tempus IV programme, 2010. Co-PI on a 3.5-year project grant: Postgraduate training network in biotechnology of 3.5-year project grant. Co-applicants: K. Kaila, (Helsinki U)., I. Pavlov (UCL), A. Shestakova (St. Petersburg U.), V. Klucharev (FC Donders) et al. ~€ 1 mln. 2010-2013.
- 2011 · Federal Agency for Science and Innovation, Russian Federation, 2010. PI on a 2-year project grant №02.740.11.5148: Introduction of novel methodologies into science, medicine and education in RF: using magnetoencephalography for mapping brain function. RUB 2 mln. 2010-2011.
- 2014 · Medical Research Council, UK, 2009. PI on 5-year research programme U.1055.04.014.00001.01: Early automaticity of neural language processing: lexical, morphosyntactic and methodological perspectives. ~£1.4 mln. 2009-2014.
- 2011 · GlaxoSmithKline, UK, 2009. Co-PI on a 2-year industrial collaborative research programme: Biomarkers of schizophrenia. PIs: Profs F. Pulvermuller & Y. Shtyrov. £ 150 000, 2009-2011.
- 2016 · Elekta Neuromag Ltd, Sweden-Finland, 2006. Co-PI on a 10-year industrial research collaboration programme: Clinical utility of magnetoencephalography. PIs: Profs F. Pulvermuller, Y. Shtyrov, R. Henson. £ 100 000. 2007-2016.
- 2009 · European Commission Tempus programme, 2005. Co-PI on a 3.5-year project grant. Co-applicants: Drs I. Pavlov (UCL), A. Shestakova (Helsinki U.), O. Pongs (Hamburg U.), V. Klucharev (FC Donders), I. Kanunikov (St. Petersburg U.). € 500 000. 2006-2009.
- 2003 · Finnish Graduate School of Psychology, 1999. Four-year PhD research fellowship, FIM 400 000. 1999-2003.
- 2000 · Cognitive Brain Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Finland, 1998. Two-year research grant, funded by the Finnish Work Environment Fund. Co-applicant: Dr. T. Kujala. FIM 300 000. 1998-2000
- 1999 · University of Helsinki, Finland, 1998. Six-month personal grant. FIM 9 000. 1998-1999
- — · Centre for International Mobility, Finland, 1998. Six-month personal research grant. FIM 36 000
- 1998 · Centre for International Mobility, Finland, 1997. One-year personal research grant. FIM 60 000. 1997-1998.
Конференции (5)
Показать все
- · 2025: CogSci2025 (Сан-Франциско). Доклад: Age-related changes in cognitive flexibility: fMRI meta‐analysis
- · 2018: 24th AMLaP conference, Architectures and Mechanisms of Language Processing (Берлин). Доклад: PERCEPTUAL PRIMING AND SYNTACTIC CHOICE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE: MULTIMODAL STUDY.
- · 2018: 24th AMLaP conference, Architectures and Mechanisms of Language Processing (Берлин). Доклад: PERCEPTUAL PRIMING AND SYNTACTIC CHOICE IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE: MULTIMODAL STUDY.
- · 2017: 5th Polish Eye Tracking Conference (Люблин). Доклад: The role of attention in sentence production: beyond visual modality
- · 2016: 8th Annual Meeting of the Society for the Neurobiology of Language (Лондон). Доклад: The effects of cross-linguistic phonologic and semantic overlap in masked priming paradigm: behavioral and ERP evidence
Идентификаторы исследователя
- ORCID:
0000-0001-7203-4902 - ResearcherID:
I-3421-2013 - Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.ru/citations?user=VqgPbV0AAAAJ&hl=en
- Scopus AuthorID:
6701617874
Публикации (155)
Altered evoked responses for motor-related words in children with upper limb motor impairments
2023 · ARTICLE · en
Objective Obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) and amyoplasia, the classical type of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, manifest themselves as highly limited mobility of the upper limb. At the same time, according to the embodiment cognition theories, the motor impairments might lead to the alteration of cognitive functions in OBPP/amyoplasia patients. In the current study, we examined whether OBPP/amyoplasia children exhibit altered processing of motor-related verbs. Methods We conducted a case-control study using clinical population and control children. Oddball series were used to elicit mismatch negativity (MMN) EEG responses. The series consisted of limb-related verbs (deviant stimuli) and matched pseudowords (standard stimuli). 27 patients and 32 control children were included in the analysis. Results We showed that MMN waveforms differed between OBPP/amyoplasia children and their control peers in the frontal and temporal electrodes when the stimuli contained hand-related verbs. In particular, the MMN peak latency in the OBPP/amyoplasia children was significantly delayed as compared with the healthy controls. At the same time, neither series with leg-related verbs nor series of pseudowords resulted in statistically significant differences. Conclusions Our findings suggest altered processing of hand-related verbs in OBPP/amyoplasia children with hand-related disabilities. Significance Our results contribute to the growing evidence in support of the theory of embodied cognition, which proposes that various domains of cognition are shaped by bodily interactions with the environment.
Conversational pragmatics: memory reporting strategies in different social contexts
2023 · ARTICLE · en
Previous studies in conversational pragmatics have showed that the information people share with others heavily depends on the confidence they have in the correctness of a candidate answer. At the same time, different social contexts prompt different incentive structures, which set a higher or lower confidence criterion to determine which potential answer to report. In this study, we investigated how the different incentive structures of several types of social contexts and how different levels of knowledge affect the amount of information we are willing to share. Participants answered easy, intermediate, and difficult general-knowledge questions and decided whether they would report or withhold their selected answer in different social contexts: formal vs. informal, that could be either constrained (a context that promotes providing only responses we are certain about) or loose (with an incentive structure that maximizes providing any type of answer). Overall, our results confirmed that social contexts are associated with different incentive structures which affects memory reporting strategies. We also found that the difficulty of the questions is an important factor in conversational pragmatics. Our results highlight the relevance of studying different incentive structures of social contexts to understand the underlying processes of conversational pragmatics, and stress the importance of considering metamemory theories of memory reporting.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left middle frontal gyrus modulates the information people communicate in different social contexts
2023 · ARTICLE · en
Neocortical structures of the left frontal lobe, middle frontal gyrus (MFG) in particular, have been suggested to be linked to the processing of punishing and unpleasant outcomes in decision tasks. To assess the role of left MFG (lMFG) in communicative decisions, we used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to inhibit its function during communicational exchanges under two types of social contexts: formal and informal. Three groups of participants received an offline 1-Hz inhibitory rTMS of lMFG, right MFG as an active control site, or lMFG sham/placebo TMS as a passive control condition. Participants’ task included answering difficult general-knowledge questions, rating their confidence in their answers’ correctness, and, finally, deciding if they would report or withhold these answers in formal and informal social contexts. There were significantly more reported than withheld answers in the informal context in all groups. The formal context showed no differences between reported and withheld answers in both control conditions, while, crucially, real rTMS of lMFG produced a different pattern, with more withheld than reported answers. Thus, lMFG inhibition seems to result in more rational decisions made only in formal communication contexts, where there is a perception of a certain pressure or possible negative outcomes. In informal social contexts and in the absence of negative consequences the pattern of answers did not change, regardless of the reporting strategy or the TMS protocol used. These results suggest selective context-dependent involvement of the lMFG in decision-making processes during communicational exchanges taking place under social pressure.
Single-shot semantic mapping in the development brain: the role of articulation in novel word learning
2023 · CHAPTER · en
Young children are well-known as successful word learners, which is reflected in very high rates of new word-form acquisition and efficient mastering of the mother tongue or even several languages. This ultra-rapid lexical acquisition mechanism has been dubbed “fast mapping” [FM, Carey, Bartlett 1978]. Despite many studies conducted in this field, neural underpinnings of FM are still debated, and several open questions remain. Could single-shot semantic mapping be sufficient for rapid formation of novel word representations in the developing brain? To what extent does the activation of neural circuits outside the “basic language system” contribute to the word acquisition process in early development? To address these issues, we used ERPs to define brain dynamics elicited by novel words following a single-shot semantic associative learning task combined with sensorimotor (articulatory) training and to estimate cortical underpinnings of this process in the developing brain. Healthy monolingual Russian preschool children (5–7 y.o.) performed a word-picture associative learning task [Vasilyeva et. al. 2019] accompanied by a brief articulation session. The task employed a counterbalanced set of familiar and novel words presented auditorily in conjunction with novel and familiar images appearing on the screen. A new word’s meaning had to be inferred through a single-shot exposure to the novel item by excluding familiar items based on the semantic context. The child had to select the new object defined by the previously unfamiliar word form and then articulate the word form overtly three times. During the articulatory stage, the referred object was not displayed, to avoid the undesirable contribution of explicit learning. Acoustic stimuli were fully controlled dissyllabic (CVCV) word forms of two types: (i) four meaningful Russian words, (ii) four phonotactically and phonologically legal meaningless novel word forms (pseudowords). Visual stimuli consisted of two-dimensional photos of familiar and unknown objects. To define learning-related brain dynamics, passive auditory ERPs to newly learnt words were recorded immediately after the task, with familiar 118 words and untrained pseudowords used as control stimuli. Cortical sources were estimated using sLORETA algorithm. ERP results revealed that a single-shot learning task combined with a brief articulatory training leads to significant decrease in fronto-central negativity, with a slight right-hemispheric shift. This decrease was present at 282– 322 ms after the stimulus recognition point for both familiar and novel trained words, with no similar effect for control stimuli. sLORETA source analysis indicated that this activity was generated bilaterally in fronto-temporal areas, with maxima in BA21 (previously familiar items) and BA22 (newly learnt items). Overall, our results demonstrate a rapid and highly plastic mechanism for word acquisition in the developing brain. Single-shot semantic learning task accompanied by brief articulatory training leads to an enhanced memory trace activation for both novel and familiar items, indicating rapid formation of new word form representations and possibly reinforcement of pre-existing ones for familiar words. Further research is needed to study neurocognitive mechanisms subserving efficient integration of perceptual and motor systems in the developing brain and its contribution to the word acquisition processes in early development.
The Nonspecific Positive Actions of Direct Current Transcranial Electrical Stimulation on Novel Word Acquisition
2022 · ARTICLE · en
The effects of transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) of the brain on word learning were addressed in a large-scale study in 288 people. The study included a comprehensive assessment of the effects of TES in various conditions (implicit/explicit learning strategy, with/without articulation, anodic/cathodic stimulation, left/right hemisphere, and stimulation area (Broca/Wernicke and their homologs in the right hemisphere)). After 15 minutes of real or placebo stimulation, subjects were presented with eight new words with semantic binding, each 10 times. The latency of correct responses in the test task assessing the semantic correlation of the word and image was used as an indicator of the effectiveness of acquiring new words. The results showed a general non-specifi c acceleration of responses when real stimulation was used (as compared to placebo), independently of the conditions tested.
На повышенных тонах: роль пространственного познания в кросс-модальном взаимодействии эмоциональной семантики и аудиального восприятия
2022 · ARTICLE · ru
Теория воплощенного познания предполагает укоренение абстрактных, в том числе эмоциональных, концептов в сенсомоторном взаимодействии с физической средой. Так, верхняя область пространства ассоциируется с положительными переживаниями, а нижняя — с отрицательными. Взаимодействие между различными доменами репрезентаций выражается в том числе в эффекте кросс-модального соответствия — фасилитации восприятия в одной модальности конгруэнтными аспектами стимулов в другой. Нами была впервые предпринята попытка вызвать данный эффект с помощью аудиальных стимулов различной высоты и вербальных стимулов, обозначающих эмоциональные состояния и имеющих соответствующие пространственные коннотации. В основной части исследования приняли участие 36 добровольцев, которым в ходе эксперимента одновременно предъявлялись аудиальные (тональные посылки 1000 и 2000 Гц) и вербальные (слова, различающиеся по эмоциональной валентности и соотносимые с различными частями пространственного поля) стимулы. Задача респондентов заключалась в идентификации высоты (низкая/высокая) предъявленного тона. Анализ различий во времени реакции с помощью линейных смешанных моделей показал наличие статистически значимых различий между конгруэнтным (например, эмоционально положительное слово — высокий тон) и неконгруэнтным, а также конгруэнтным и контрольным условиями. Помимо этого было оценено наличие эффекта кросс-модального соответствия для каждого стимульного слова и для обоих звуков по отдельности, что показало его наибольшую выраженность для высокого тона и для части вербальных стимулов. Таким образом, был обнаружен эффект кросс-модального соответствия, возникающий при когнитивной обработке стимулов разной модальности, осуществляемой за счет механизмов разного уровня сложности: от перцептивного анализа аудиальных сигналов до выделения семантики лексических единиц, обозначающих абстрактные идеи. Отдельным результатом работы стало создание базы данных вербальных стимулов с заданными эмоциональными и пространственными параметрами, которые могут быть использованы в широком круге психо- и нейролингвистических исследований.
Look and ye shall hear: Selective auditory attention modulates the audiovisual correspondence effect
2022 · ARTICLE · en
One of the unresolved questions in multisensory research is that of automaticity of consistent associations between sensory features from different modalities (e.g. high visual locations associated with high sound pitch). We addressed this issue by examining a possible role of selective attention in the audiovisual correspondence effect. We orthogonally manipulated loudness and pitch, directing participants’ attention to the auditory modality only and using pitch and loudness identification tasks. Visual stimuli in high, low or central spatial locations appeared simultaneously with the sounds. If the correspondence effect is automatic, it should not be affected by task changes. The results, however, demonstrated a cross-modal pitch-verticality correspondence effect only when participants’ attention was directed to pitch, but not to loudness identification task; moreover, the effect was present only in the upper location. The findings underscore the involvement of selective attention in cross-modal associations and support a top-down account of audiovisual correspondence effects.
Explicit encoding vs. fast mapping of novel spoken words: Electrophysiological and behavioural evidence of diverging mechanisms
2022 · ARTICLE · en
It has been claimed that two major neurocognitive mechanisms – instruction-based explicit encoding (EE) and inference-driven fast mapping (FM) may be involved in rapid acquisition of novel words, but their exact neural underpinnings remain poorly understood. To address this, we trained 36 adult participants with 20 novel spoken words in an audio-visual task, carefully balanced between the EE and FM conditions for physical, psycholinguistic and pragmatic properties as well as the overall task setup. To assess the neural dynamics associated with novel word acquisition, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by these words before and after training, and analysed their relationship with the behavioural learning outcomes, measured in a semantic matching task. Both learning regimes led to successful acquisition, which was somewhat more efficient for EE than FM, as indicated by higher accuracy in the behavioural task. We also found that, whereas words learnt via both EE and FM protocols elicited most pronounced ERP peaks at ∼196 and ∼280 ms, these two phases of activity diverged with respect to the learning type. Multiple linear regression and correlation analyses indicated that the learning-induced amplitude dynamics in the earlier peak was significantly related to behavioural performance for FM-learned items, which may possibly be explained by FM's stronger reliance on early automatic mechanisms of word processing. Performance on EE words was, in turn, significantly linked to the amplitude of the second peak only, potentially due to the involvement of later, top-down controlled processes in this type of word acquisition. Grand-average ERP-based source analysis indicated a left-lateralised activity in the anterior-temporal lobe for FM learning, and a bilateral activation for EE. The results confirm the existence of partially diverging neurocognitive systems for word acquisition and suggest that the configuration of newly established word memory circuits depends on the mode of their acquisition.
Anodal tDCS over Broca’s area improves fast mapping and explicit encoding of novel vocabulary
2022 · ARTICLE · en
An accumulating body of evidence suggests that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can be used to affect language processing, including word acquisition. There has been, however, no comprehensive study of effects of tDCS of the core language areas in relation to the main word-learning mechanisms. Two principal strategies have been posited as important for natural word acquisition: explicit encoding (EE) which relies on direct instructions and repetition of material, and fast mapping (FM) which operates implicitly, via context-based inference or deduction. We used anodal and cathodal tDCS of Broca's and Wernicke's areas to assess effects of stimulation site and polarity on novel word acquisition in both EE and FM regimes. 160 participants, divided into five groups, received 15 min of cathodal or anodal tDCS over one of the two areas or a sham (placebo) stimulation before learning eight novel words, presented ten times each in a short naturalistic audio-visual word-picture association session, fully counterbalanced across different learning regimes. The outcome of novel word acquisition was measured immediately after the training using a free recall task. The results showed elevated accuracy in all real stimulation groups in comparison with sham stimulation; however, this effect only reached full significance after anodal tDCS of Broca's area. Comparisons between the two learning modes indicated that Broca's anodal tDCS significantly improved both implicit and explicit acquisition of novel vocabulary in comparison with sham tDCS, without, however, any significant differences between EE and FM regimes as such. The results indicate involvement of the left inferior-frontal neocortex in the learning of novel vocabulary and suggest a possibility to promote different types of word acquisition using anodal tDCS of this area.
Неспецифическое положительное воздействие транскраниальной электрической стимуляции постоянным током на усвоение новых слов
2022 · ARTICLE · ru
С целью изучения влияния транскраниальной электрической стимуляции (ТЭС) мозга на речевое научение реализовано масштабное исследование с участием 288 человек, включающее комплексную оценку эффектов ТЭС в различных условиях (имплицитная/эксплицитная стратегия научения, с артикуляцией/без артикуляции, анодная/катодная полярность стимуляции, левое/правое полушарие и зона стимуляции (Брока/Вернике и их гомологи в правом полушарии)). После 15-минутной реальной или плацебо-стимуляции испытуемым предъявлялись на слух восемь новых слов с семантической привязкой по 10 раз каждое. В качестве показателя эффективности усвоения новых слов использовалась латентность правильных ответов в проверочном задании на смысловое соотнесение слова и изображения. Результаты показали наличие общего неспецифического эффекта ускорения ответов в условиях реальной стимуляции (в сравнении с плацебо), не зависящего от тестируемых условий.
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